1b10ca29-165f-400f-aea6-5d517176ff6e Monitoring of jellyfish, fish, and macroinvertebrates in the Sea of Marmara 1995-01-01 This monitoring program in the Sea of Marmara involves the annual assessment of jellyfish, fish and macroinvertebrate communities to evaluate long-term changes in species composition. Sampling includes bottom trawling at depths between 20 and 150 meters following the MEDITS protocol, and plankton net sampling of jellyfish in the upper water layer (0-20 m). Jellyfish, specifically, are sampled using a UNESCO-WP2 type closed plankton net (100 cm diameter, 500 μm mesh size). The survey occurs once per year, with increased seasonal frequency in some years, and targets both benthic and pelagic habitats. Taxonomi groups monitored encompass Scyphozoa, Crustacea, Mollusca, Echinoidea, Cnidaria, Teleostei, and Chondrichthyes, among others. Sea of Marmara jellyfish fish macroinvertebrates bottom trawling Nazli Demirel Instabul University ndemirel@istanbul.edu.tr Sea of Marmara 26.60 29.60 40.00 41.20