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This ongoing monitoring program, led by CSIC-CEAB since 2019, assesses the structure and dynamics of rocky reef ecosystems along the Catalan Coast (NE Spain), with a focus on sea urchin populations and macroalgal cover. It aims to provide ecosystem-based management strategies for sea urchin fisheries, help prevent macroalgal forest collapse, and support the long-term resilience of benthic habitats. The program targets three macroalgal strata — crustose coralline algae (CCA), turf algae, and erect macroalgae — and quantifies the abundance of key sea urchin species including& Paracentrotus lividus<\/em>& and& Arbacia lixula<\/em>.<\/p>

Fieldwork is conducted annually at six sites along the Costa Brava, each including two sampling areas. In each area, researchers conduct two 25-meter SCUBA transects and sample 25 quadrats (40×40 cm). Benthic surveys are complemented by high-resolution UAV drone imagery and orthomosaics processed in QGIS, used to assess macroalgal cover and bare substrate across wider reef sections. Surveys are conducted in shallow rocky reefs from 0 to 10 meters depth, and include both primary producers and mesoherbivore assemblages within the Echinodermata and macroalgal communities.<\/p>" }}, "gmd:status": {"gmd:MD_ProgressCodeSite": { "@codeListValue": "operational", "@codeList": "http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ProgressCodeSite" }}, "gmd:descriptiveKeywords": {"gmd:MD_Keywords": {"gmd:keyword": [ {"gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "sea urchins" }}, { "@nilReason": "missing", "gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "macroalgae" } }, { "@nilReason": "missing", "gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "Blanes" } }, { "@nilReason": "missing", "gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "Catalan coast" } } ]}}, "gmd:resourceConstraints": {"gmd:MD_LegalConstraints": { "gmd:accessConstraints": {"gmd:MD_RestrictionCode": { "@codeListValue": "copyright", "@codeList": "http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_RestrictionCode" }}, "gmd:useLimitation": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "@gco:nilReason": "missing", "gco:CharacterString": null }, "gmd:otherConstraints": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "@gco:nilReason": "missing", "gco:CharacterString": null } }}, "gmd:pointOfContact": {"gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty": { "gmd:individualName": {"gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "Franz Peters" }}, "gmd:organisationName": {"gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "Institute of Marine Sciences (CSIC)" }}, "gmd:contactInfo": {"gmd:CI_Contact": {"gmd:address": {"gmd:CI_Address": {"gmd:electronicMailAddress": {"gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "cesc@icm.csic.es" }}}}}}, "gmd:role": {"gmd:CI_RoleCode": { "@codeList": "http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode", "@codeListValue": "pointOfContact" }} }}, "gmd:extent": {"gmd:EX_Extent": { "gmd:description": {"gco:CharacterString": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "Blanes" }}, "gmd:geographicElement": {"gmd:EX_GeographicBoundingBox": { "gmd:westBoundLongitude": {"gco:Decimal": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "2.20" }}, "gmd:eastBoundLongitude": {"gco:Decimal": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "3.30" }}, "gmd:southBoundLatitude": {"gco:Decimal": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "41.30" }}, "gmd:northBoundLatitude": {"gco:Decimal": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "#text": "42.30" }} }} }} } }, "gmd:distributionInfo": { "@xmlns:geonet": "http://www.fao.org/geonetwork", "gmd:MD_Distribution": {"gmd:transferOptions": {"gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions": {"gmd:onLine": {"gmd:CI_OnlineResource": { "gmd:protocol": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "@gco:nilReason": "missing", "gco:CharacterString": null }, "gmd:linkage": {"gmd:URL": null}, "gmd:name": { "@xmlns:gco": "http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gco", "@gco:nilReason": "missing", "gco:CharacterString": null } }}}}} } }