Environment90m

This dataset aggregates a large number of environmental layers into each of the 726 million sub-catchments of the Hydrography90m dataset, corresponding to single stream segments. Specifically,

Environment90m

includes 45 variables related to topography and hydrography, 19 climate variables for the observation period of 1981–2010, as well as projections for 2041–2070 and 2071–2100 under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) 1.26, 3.70 and 5.85, and three global circulation models (UKESM, MPI and IPSL). Moreover,

Environment90m

includes 22 land cover categories for the annual time-series data from 1992–2020. In addition, the dataset provides 15 soil variables and information on aridity and modelled streamflow. Summary statistics (i.e., mean, min, max, range, sd) are provided for all continuous variables while for categorical data, the proportion of each category is calculated within each of the sub-catchments.

IdentificationAbout this resource

Alternate Identifier: 28ec58b6-690a-4879-9d2a-80b7e41d4fb1

Publication Date: 2025-08-05

Title: Environment90m

Short Name: Environment90m

Abstract

This dataset aggregates a large number of environmental layers into each of the 726 million sub-catchments of the Hydrography90m dataset, corresponding to single stream segments. Specifically,

Environment90m

Dataset Language: English

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Jaime Ricardo Garcia Marquez (Research Technician)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Afroditi Grigoropoulou (Postdoc)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Thomas Tomiczek (PhD Student)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany | Freie Universität Berlin, Germany - Marlene Schürz (Doctoral Candidate)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Vanessa Bremerich (Research Technician)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Yusdiel Torres-Cambas (Postdoc)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Merret Buurman (Scientific Staff)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Kristi Bego (Doctoral Candidate)

Dataset Creator: Yale University, United States of America | Spatial Ecology, United Kingdom - Giuseppe Amatulli (Research Scientist)

Dataset Creator: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Sami Domisch (Research Group Leader)

Metadata Provider: SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics - Chiara Bortoluzzi (Data Manager)

Dataset Contact: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Jaime Ricardo Garcia Marquez (Research Technician)

Dataset Contact: Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Germany - Sami Domisch (Research Group Leader)

Keywords ()

Land cover
Bioclimatic variables
Soil
Stream flow
Elevation
Aridity
Evapotranspiration
Hydrography90

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Global

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: -180

East Bounding Coordinate: 180

North Bounding Coordinate: 90

South Bounding Coordinate: -90

Temporal Coverage

Range of Dates

Begin Date

End Date

resourceLicensesLicense Information

Intellectual Rights: The dataset is protected by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

Resource License

License Name: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)

URL: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

Acknowledgements

Distribution

Online

A brief description of the the content of online URL.: Environment90m dataset (2025)

URL: https://public.igb-berlin.de/index.php/s/zw56kEd25NsQqcQ?path=%2F

Distribution

Online

A brief description of the the content of online URL.: R package

URL: https://hydrography.org/hydrographr/

• Project

Title

Abstract

Personnel

Organization Name

Individual Name

Given Name

Surname

Position Name

• Method

Method Step

Description: For land use data, we aggregated the consistent global land cover maps of the Land Cover European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project into 22 categories from the original 37 ESA category level 2 land cover classes at a spatial resolution of 300m. The annual data are available for the years 1992 to 2020. The data source is ESA (2017).

Citation: ESA: Land Cover CCI Product User Guide Version 2. Tech. Rep. Available at: maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/download/ESACCI-LC-Ph2-PUGv2_2.0.pdf, Tech. rep., European Space Agency, 2017.

Method Step

Description: We derived high-resolution climate information from the Chelsa v2.1 dataset. We used 19 bioclimatic variables (bio 1 to 19) at 30-arc-sec (ca. 1 km²) resolution for 30-year averages of temperature and precipitation. We aggregated the data for three time ranges: from 1981 to 2010, corresponding to observational data, and future projections for the years 2041 to 2070, as well as 2071 to 2100, corresponding to 2050 and 2070, respectively. For each future projection, we used general circulation models (GCMs) following three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP3-RCP7, and SSP5-RCP8.5).

Citation: Karger, D. N., Conrad, O., Böhner, J., Kawohl, T., Kreft, H., Soria-Auza, R. W., Zimmermann, N. E., Linder, H. P., and Kessler, M.: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas, Scientific Data, 4, 170 122, doi:10.1038/sdata.2017.122, 2017.

Method Step

Description: The soil dataset consists of 16 variables that represent chemical and physical soil properties globally. These variables were sourced from the global gridded soil information dataset, SoilGrids250 v2.0, which is originally provided at seven standard depths for each numerical soil property (with the exception of depth to bedrock and soil organic carbon content) and at a spatial resolution of 250 m. To integrate all soil depths (up to 220 cm), we calculated the weighted average for each soil property originally measured at different depths and finally aggregated the 16 variables across Hydrography90m sub-catchment.

Citation: Hengl, T., Mendes de Jesus, J., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Ruiperez Gonzalez, M., Kilibarda, M., Blagotić, A., Shangguan, W., Wright, M. N., Geng, X., Bauer-Marschallinger, B., Guevara, M. A., Vargas, R., MacMillan, R. A., Batjes, N. H., Leenaars, J. G. B., Ribeiro, E., Wheeler, I., Mantel, S., and Kempen, B.: SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning, PLOS ONE, 12, e0169 748, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169748, 2017.

Method Step

Description: For stream flow we used the FLO1K dataset which comprises the mean, maximum and minimum annual flow for each year in the period 1960–2015, provided as spatially continuous gridded layers at a high spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds. From this dataset, we only used the data from 1980 - 2010 and averaged it across this time to match the CHELSA observed climate dataset.

Citation: Barbarossa, V., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Beusen, A. H. W., Beck, H. E., King, H., and Schipper, A. M.: FLO1K, global maps of mean, maximum and minimum annual streamflow at 1 km resolution from 1960 through 2015, Scientific Data, 5, 180 052, doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.52, 2018.

Method Step

Description: To represent the elevation variable we used the 90 m resolution Multi-Error-Removed Improved-Terrain Digital Elevation Model (MERIT DEM) v1.0.3. The error removal procedures have improved the vertical accuracy of this product.

Citation: Yamazaki, D., Ikeshima, D., Tawatari, R., Yamaguchi, T., O’Loughlin, F., Neal, J. C., Sampson, C. C., Kanae, S., and Bates, P. D.: A high-accuracy map of global terrain elevations: Accurate Global Terrain Elevation map, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 5844–5853, doi:10.1002/2017GL072874, 2017.

Method Step

Description: The dataset of Aridity and Evapotranspiration provides global raster data on evapotranspiration processes and rainfall deficit for potential vegetation growth, at a high spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds. Global Aridity and Potential Evapotranspiration are both modelled using data available from WorldClim Global Climate Data. The data is available for the 1970 - 2000 period.

Citation: Zomer, R. J. and Trabucco, A.: Version 3 of the “Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration (ET0) Database”: Estimation of Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration. Available online from the CGIAR-CSI GeoPortal at: https://cgiarcsi.community/2019/0124/global-aridity-index-and-potential-evapotranspiration-climate-database-v3/, Tech. rep., CGIAR-320 CSI, https://cgiarcsi.community/2019/01/24/global-aridity-index-and-potential-evapotranspiration-climate-database-v3, 2022.

Method Step

Description: The Hydrography90m is a high-resolution (∼90 m) dataset delineating a global stream channel network and serves as the base of Environment90m. The calculation of Hydrography90m used the MERIT Hydro Digital Elevation Model at 3 arcsec (approx. 90 m at the Equator). The main feature of Hydrography90m is the delineation of small headwater streams. In addition, this dataset includes a number of stream topographic and topological properties. The summary statistics of the Environment90m dataset presented here are calculated for each of the 726 million unique sub-catchments of the Hydrography90m, which also serve as the spatial units in Environment90m.

Citation: Amatulli, G., Garcia Marquez, J.R., Sethi, T., Kiesel, J., Grigoropoulou, A., Üblacker, M., Shen, L., Domisch, S.: Hydrography90m: A new high-resolution global hydrographic dataset. Earth System Science Data, 14, 4525–4550, doi:10.5194/essd-14-4525-2022, 2022.

• Data Table

Name: esa_cci_landcover_v2_1_1

Physical

Data Format

Externally Defined Format

Format Name: TXT

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: c10

Label: C10

Definition: Cropland, rainfed

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c20

Label: C20

Definition: Cropland, irrigated/post-flooding

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c30

Label: C30

Definition: Cropland/natural vegetation

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c40

Label: C40

Definition: Natural vegetation/cropland

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c50

Label: C50

Definition: Tree cover, broadleaved, evergreen

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c60

Label: C60

Definition: Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c70

Label: C70

Definition: Tree cover, needleaved, evergreen

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c80

Label: C80

Definition: Tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c90

Label: C90

Definition: Tree cover, mixed leaf type

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c100

Label: C100

Definition: Tree and shrub

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c110

Label: C110

Definition: Herbaceous/tree and shrub

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c120

Label: C120

Definition: Shrubland

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c130

Label: C130

Definition: Grassland

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c140

Label: C140

Definition: Lichens, mosses

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c150

Label: C150

Definition: Sparse vegetation

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c160

Label: C160

Definition: Tree cover, flooded, fresh/brackish water

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c170

Label: C170

Definition: Tree cover, flooded, saline water

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c180

Label: C180

Definition: Shrub or herbaceous

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c190

Label: C190

Definition: Urban areas

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c200

Label: C200

Definition: Bare areas

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c210

Label: C210

Definition: Water bodies

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: c220

Label: C220

Definition: Snow and ice

Standard Unit

• Data Table

Name: chelsa_bioclim_v2_1

Physical

Data Format

Externally Defined Format

Format Name: TXT

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: bio01

Label: Bio01

Definition: Annual mean temperature

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio02

Label: Bio02

Definition: Mean diurnal range

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio03

Label: Bio03

Definition: Isothermality

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio04

Label: Bio04

Definition: Temperature seasonality

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio05

Label: Bio05

Definition: Max temperature of warmest month

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio06

Label: Bio06

Definition: Min temperature of coldest month

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio07

Label: Bio07

Definition: Temperature annual range

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio08

Label: Bio08

Definition: Mean temperature of wettest quarter

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio09

Label: Bio09

Definition: Mean temperature of driest quarter

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio10

Label: Bio10

Definition: Mean temperature of warmest quarter

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio11

Label: Bio11

Definition: Mean temperature of coldest quarter

Standard Unit: celsius

Attribute

Name: bio12

Label: Bio12

Definition: Annual precipitation

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

Attribute

Name: bio13

Label: Bio13

Definition: Precipitation of wettest month

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

Attribute

Name: bio14

Label: Bio14

Definition: Precipitation of driest month

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

Attribute

Name: bio15

Label: Bio15

Definition: Precipitation seasonality

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

Attribute

Name: bio16

Label: Bio16

Definition: Precipitation of wettest quarter

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

Attribute

Name: bio17

Label: Bio17

Definition: Precipitation of driest quarter

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

Attribute

Name: bio18

Label: Bio18

Definition: Precipitation of warmest quarter

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

Attribute

Name: bio19

Label: Bio19

Definition: Precipitation of coldest quarter

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterSquared

• Data Table

Name: soilgrids250m_v2_0

Physical

Data Format

Externally Defined Format

Format Name: TXT

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: awcts

Label: Derived saturated water content

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: clyppt

Label: Clay content

Definition

Standard Unit: percent

Attribute

Name: sndppt

Label: Sand content

Definition

Standard Unit: percent

Attribute

Name: sltppt

Label: Silt content

Definition

Standard Unit: percent

Attribute

Name: wwp

Label: Derived available soil water capacity

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: texmht

Label: Texture class

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: orcdrc

Label: Soil organic carbon content

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: phihox

Label: Soil pH

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: bldfie

Label: Bulk density

Definition

Standard Unit: kilogramPerMeterCubed

Attribute

Name: cecsol

Label: Cation exchange capacity

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: crfvol

Label: Coarse fragments volumetric

Definition

Standard Unit: percent

Attribute

Name: acdwrb

Label: Grade of a sub-soil being acid

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: bdricm

Label: Depth to bedrock

Definition

Standard Unit: centimeter

Attribute

Name: bdrlog

Label: Probability of occurence of r horizon

Definition

Standard Unit: percent

Attribute

Name: histpr

Label: Cumulative probability of organic soil

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: slgwrb

Label: Sodic soil grade

Definition

Standard Unit

• Data Table

Name: flo1k_v1_0

Physical

Data Format

Externally Defined Format

Format Name: TXT

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: flo1k

Label: Stream flow

Definition

Standard Unit: meterCubedPerSecond

• Data Table

Name: merit_dem_v1_0_3

Physical

Data Format

Externally Defined Format

Format Name: TXT

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: elev

Label: Mean elevation

Definition

Standard Unit: meter

• Data Table

Name: cgiar_csi_v3

Physical

Data Format

Externally Defined Format

Format Name: TXT

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: gevapt

Label: Evapotranspiration

Definition

Standard Unit: millimeter

Attribute

Name: garid

Label: Aridity index

Definition

Standard Unit

• Data Table

Name: hydrography90m_v1_0

Physical

Data Format

Externally Defined Format

Format Name: TXT

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: accumulation

Label: Accumulation

Definition: Flow accumulation

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_curv_cel

Label: Cell stream course curvature

Definition: Cell stream course curvature of the focal cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_dist_dw_seg

Label: Segment downstream distance

Definition: Segment downstream distance between focal cell and the node/outlet

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_dist_up_cel

Label: Upstream distance between

Definition: Upstream distance between focal cell and next cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_dist_up_seg

Label: Segment upstream distance

Definition: Segment upstream distance between focal cell and the init/node

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_elv_dw_cel

Label: Downstream elevation difference

Definition: Downstream elevation difference between focal cell and the next cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_elv_dw_seg

Label: Segment downstream elevation difference

Definition: Segment downstream elevation difference between focal cell and the node/outlet

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_elv_up_cel

Label: Upstream elevation difference

Definition: Upstream elevation difference between focal cell and the next cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_elv_up_seg

Label: Segment upstream elevation difference

Definition: Segment upstream elevation difference between focal cell and the init/node

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_grad_dw_seg

Label: Segment downstream mean gradient

Definition: Segment downstream mean gradient between focal cell and the node/outlet

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_grad_up_cel

Label: Upstream gradient

Definition: Upstream gradient between focal cell and the next cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: channel_grad_up_seg

Label: Segment upstream mean gradient

Definition: Segment upstream mean gradient between focal cell and the init/node

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: connections

Label: Connections

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: cti

Label: Compound topographic index

Definition: Compound topographic index

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: cum_length

Label: Accumulated length

Definition: Accumulated length / length of stream from source

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: elev_drop

Label: Elevation drop

Definition: Difference between source_elev and outlet_elev + drop output

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: gradient

Label: Gradient

Definition: Mean gradient of the sub-catchment (downstream elevation difference divided by distance)

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: length

Label: Length of the stream reach

Definition: Length of the stream reach

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_drwal

Label

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_hack

Label: Hack's stream order

Definition: Hack's stream order

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_horton

Label: Horton's stream order

Definition: Horton's stream order

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_scheidegger

Label

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_shreve

Label: Shreve's stream magnitude

Definition: Shreve's stream magnitude

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_strahler

Label: Strahler's stream order

Definition: Strahler's stream order

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_topo

Label: Topological dimension of streams

Definition: Topological dimension of streams

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: order_topo_dim

Label

Definition

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: out_dist

Label: Distance to outlet

Definition: Distance of current stream init from outlet

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: out_drop

Label: Outlet drop

Definition: Drop at the outlet of the stream

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: outlet_diff_dw_basin

Label: Elevation difference

Definition: Elevation difference between focal grid cell and the outlet gird cell in the network

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: outlet_diff_dw_scatch

Label: Elevation difference

Definition: Elevation difference between focal grid cell and the downstream stream node grid cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: outlet_dist_dw_basin

Label: Distance

Definition: Distance between focal grid cell and the outlet grid cell in the network

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: outlet_dist_dw_scatch

Label: Distance

Definition: Distance between focal grid cell and the downstream stream node grid cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: outlet_elev

Label: Outlet elevation

Definition: Elevation of stream outlet

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: sinosoid

Label: Sinusoid of the stream reach

Definition: Sinusoid of the stream reach

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: slope_curv_max_dw_cel

Label: Maximum curvature

Definition: Maximum curvature between highest upstream cell, focal cell and downstream cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: slope_curv_min_dw_cel

Label: Minimum curvature

Definition: Minimum curvature between lowest upstream cell, focal cell and downstream cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: slope_elv_dw_cel

Label: Elevation difference

Definition: Elevation difference between focal cell and downstream cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: slope_grad_dw_cel

Label: Focal cell gradient

Definition: Focal cell gradient

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: source_elev

Label: Source elevation

Definition: Elevation of stream init

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: spi

Label: Stream power index

Definition: Stream power index

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: sti

Label: Stream transportation index

Definition: Stream transportation index

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stream_diff_dw_near

Label: Elevation difference

Definition: Elevation difference between focal grid cell and its nearest downstream stream pixel

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stream_diff_up_farth

Label: Elevation difference

Definition: Elevation difference of the longest path from focal grid cell to the sub-catchment drainage divide

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stream_diff_up_near

Label: Elevation difference

Definition: Elevation difference of the shortest path from focal grid cell to the sub-catchment drainage divide

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stream_dist_dw_near

Label: Distance

Definition: Distance between focal grid cell and its nearest downstream stream grid cell

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stream_dist_proximity

Label: Euclidean distance

Definition: Euclidean distance between focal grid cell and the stream network

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stream_dist_up_farth

Label: Longest upstream distance

Definition: Longest upstream distance between focal grid cell and the nearest sub-catchment drainage divide

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stream_dist_up_near

Label: Shortest upstream distance

Definition: Shortest upstream distance between focal grid cell and the nearest sub-catchment drainage divide

Standard Unit

Attribute

Name: stright

Label: Straight length

Definition: Length of the stream as straight line

Standard Unit

Default

IdentificationAbout this resource

Geographic Coverage

Bounding Box

Temporal Coverage

Range of Dates

resourceLicensesLicense Information

Resource License

Distribution

Online

Distribution

Online

Project

• Project

Personnel

Individual Name

Methods

• Method

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Data Tables

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