2d59ac78-5c8a-4511-8239-56f556cfe80a ORMEF Ernesto Azzurro National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Research director https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-3164 Sonia Smeraldo National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Associate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-5304 Manuela D'Amen National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Associate https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5910-4267 Ernesto Azzurro National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Research director https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-3164 Ilaria Rosati National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) Technologist ilaria.rosati@cnr.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-7230 Custodian Steward Cristina Di Muri National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) Technologist cristina.dimuri@cnr.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-0662 Information Manager Noemi Biancone National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies (IRPPS) Technologist https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4673-028X Information Manager Marina Chiappi National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Researcher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9401-2509 Information Manager Manuela D'Amen National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Associate https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5910-4267 Information Manager Fernando Ferri National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Research of Population and Social Policies (IRPPS) Researcher https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-3315 Information Manager Patrizia Grifoni National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies (IRPPS) Researcher https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-5437 Information Manager Ester Napoli National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies (IRPPS) Researcher https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8852-5252 Information Manager Rocco De Marco National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Technician https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-4791 Information Manager Pierluigi Strafella National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Researcher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-7023 Information Manager Sonia Smeraldo National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Associate https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-5304 Information Manager 2025-01-22 English The ORMEF dataset is a comprehensive, and robust compilation of exotic fish observations recorded in the entire Mediterranean region from 1896 to 2020. ORMEF is composed by 4015 georeferenced occurrences distributed in the territorial waters of 20 Mediterranean countries and extracted from 670 scientific published papers. The resultant dataset is a collection of 188 fish taxa whose 106 species entered through the Suez Canal; 256 species introduced by human activities (shipping, mariculture, aquarium release); 576 Atlantic species. The dataset has undergone a severe technical and scientific review for what concerns taxa and geographical accuracy and it consists of a CSV file of the records (observations), including information on all the bibliography from which dataset has been built. Mediterranean Sea EuroVoc Core Concepts fish species list Environmental Thesaurus Alien species Alien Species Thesaurus Free for use, including sharing and adaptation, by all individuals provided that the owners are acknowledged in any use or publication. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ DOI https://doi.org/10.17882/84182 Info and download page on LifeWatch Italy Data Portal https://data.lifewatchitaly.eu/handle/123456789/129615 Exotic fish records are distributed in 20 different countries, all over the Mediterranean region. -5.3475 36.175 45.701 30.3316 1896-01-01 2021-12-31 Species Ablennes hians 159246 Species Abudefduf hoefleri 273699 Species Abudefduf saxatilis 159288 Species Abudefduf sexfasciatus 159289 Species Abudefduf vaigiensis 212879 Species Acanthopagrus bifasciatus 218589 Species Acanthostracion polygonium 1577312 Species Acanthurus chirurgus 159580 Species Acanthurus coeruleus 159581 Species Acanthurus monroviae 126750 Species Acanthurus sohal 219649 Species Alepes djedaba 126800 Species Aluterus monoceros 127407 Species Anarhichas lupus 126758 Species Apogonichthyoides pharaonis 475090 Species Arothron hispidus 219925 Species Atherinomorus forskalii 761426 Species Balistoides conspicillum 219876 Species Bodianus speciosus 126959 Species Bregmaceros nectabanus 217741 Species Caesio varilineata 219988 Species Callionymus filamentosus 126791 Species Carcharhinus altimus 105787 Species Carcharhinus falciformis 105789 Species Carlarius parkii 1020768 Species Centrolabrus exoletus 126961 Species Cephalopholis hemistiktos 218188 Species Cephalopholis nigri 279151 Species Cephalopholis taeniops 279154 Species Chaetodipterus faber 159703 Species Chaetodon auriga 218730 Species Chaetodon austriacus 218732 Species Chaetodon larvatus 218716 Species Champsodon nudivittis 220338 Species Chanos chanos 217625 Species Cheilodipterus novemstriatus 209374 Species Cheilopogon furcatus 159261 Species Chloroscombrus chrysurus 159483 Species Chlorurus rhakoura 277510 Species Chrysiptera cyanea 218781 Species Chrysiptera hemicyanea 276832 Species Coryogalops ocheticus 712862 Species Crenidens crenidens 127048 Species Cryptocentrus caeruleopunctatus 219428 Species Cyclichthys spilostylus 219967 Species Cyclopterus lumpus 127214 Species Cynoglossus sinusarabici 127132 Species Dagetichthys lusitanicus 403345 Species Decapterus russelli 218427 Species Dentex canariensis 273960 Species Diodon hystrix 127403 Species Diplodus bellottii 127050 Species Diplogrammus randalli 276337 Species Dipterygonotus balteatus 219997 Species Dussumieria elopsoides 212259 Species Elates ransonnettii 398454 Species Enchelycore anatina 126298 Species Encrasicholina gloria 1385037 Species Epinephelus areolatus 218204 Species Epinephelus coioides 218200 Species Epinephelus fasciatus 218207 Species Epinephelus geoffroyi 218209 Species Epinephelus malabaricus 218206 Species Epinephelus merra 218228 Species Equulites klunzingeri 398518 Species Equulites popei 1525437 Species Etrumeus golanii 890090 Species Favonigobius melanobranchus 280775 Species Fistularia commersonii 217966 Species Fistularia petimba 159439 Species Gadus morhua 126436 Species Galeocerdo cuvier 105799 Species Glaucostegus halavi 280874 Species Gymnammodytes semisquamatus 126754 Species Gymnothorax reticularis 217511 Species Hemiramphus far 126389 Species Heniochus intermedius 218767 Species Herklotsichthys punctatus 126420 Species Himantura uarnak 105854 Species Hippocampus fuscus 212230 Species Holacanthus africanus 276011 Species Holacanthus ciliaris 276012 Species Holocentrus adscensionis 159378 Species Hyporhamphus affinis 213170 Species Istiblennius meleagris 278381 Species Istiompax indica 712905 Species Jaydia queketti 209280 Species Jaydia smithi 313170 Species Kyphosus incisor 126955 Species Lagocephalus guentheri 219956 Species Lagocephalus sceleratus 219954 Species Lagocephalus suezensis 275268 Species Lutjanus argentimaculatus 218498 Species Lutjanus fulviflamma 218490 Species Lutjanus jocu 159798 Species Lutjanus sebae 218499 Species Dicologlossa hexophthalma 274298 Species Microchirus boscanion 274300 Species Monotaxis grandoculis 218584 Species Morone saxatilis 151179 Species Muraenesox cinereus 126296 Species Mycteroperca fusca 127038 Species Nemipterus randalli 218518 Species Omobranchus punctatus 219320 Species Oncorhynchus kisutch 127184 Species Ophioblennius atlanticus 126769 Species Oplegnathus fasciatus 277892 Species Orthopristis chrysoptera 158810 Species Ostorhinchus fasciatus 712656 Species Ostracion cubicum 403462 Species Oxyurichthys petersii 1020579 Species Pagellus bellottii 127058 Species Pagrus major 273976 Species Pampus argenteus 127075 Species Papilloculiceps longiceps 218145 Species Parablennius thysanius 273139 Species Paracanthurus hepatus 219676 Species Paralichthys lethostigma 158829 Species Paranthias furcifer 282084 Species Parexocoetus mento 126388 Species Parupeneus forsskali 218669 Species Pelates quadrilineatus 127077 Species Pempheris rhomboidea 310134 Species Petroscirtes ancylodon 219330 Species Pinguipes brasilianus 236485 Species Pisodonophis semicinctus 126318 Species Planiliza carinata 1509483 Species Planiliza haematocheilus 1509599 Species Platax teira 218710 Species Platycephalus indicus 127234 Species Plotosus lineatus 217659 Species Polymetme corythaeola 127300 Species Pomacanthus imperator 220001 Species Pomacanthus maculosus 220005 Species Pomadasys stridens 126948 Species Priacanthus arenatus 127005 Species Priacanthus hamrur 218360 Species Priacanthus prolixus 218364 Species Priacanthus sagittarius 218365 Species Psenes pellucidus 126993 Species Pseudotolithus senegallus 273787 Species Pseudupeneus prayensis 126987 Species Pteragogus trispilus 835084 Species Pterois miles 218077 Species Rachycentron canadum 127006 Species Rastrelliger kanagurta 127020 Species Rhabdosargus haffara 218620 Species Rhizoprionodon acutus 105802 Species Rhynchoconger trewavasae 275428 Species Sardinella gibbosa 212277 Species Sargocentron rubrum 126400 Species Sargocentron spinosissimum 272218 Species Sargocentron tiereoides 217949 Species Saurida lessepsianus 932880 Species Scarus ghobban 219127 Species Scatophagus argus 276970 Species Sciaenops ocellatus 159335 Species Scolopsis ghanam 209222 Species Scomberomorus commerson 127024 Species Scorpaena stephanica 274737 Species Selene dorsalis 126814 Species Seriola carpenteri 126815 Species Seriola fasciata 126817 Species Seriola rivoliana 126818 Species Siganus argenteus 219686 Species Siganus fuscescens 273912 Species Siganus luridus 127044 Species Siganus rivulatus 127045 Species Silhouettea aegyptia 126935 Species Sillago suezensis 835122 Species Solea senegalensis 127159 Species Sorsogona prionota 218152 Species Sphoeroides marmoratus 127416 Species Sphoeroides pachygaster 127417 Species Sphyraena chrysotaenia 127067 Species Sphyraena flavicauda 212051 Species Sphyrna mokarran 105817 Species Spratelloides delicatulus 126424 Species Stegastes variabilis 276688 Species Stephanolepis diaspros 127408 Species Stolephorus indicus 212280 Species Stolephorus insularis 212284 Species Synanceia verrucosa 215627 Species Synchiropus sechellensis 219782 Species Syngnathus rostellatus 127389 Species Taractes rubescens 126787 Species Terapon jarbua 218350 Species Terapon puta 127078 Species Terapon theraps 218349 Species Tetrosomus gibbosus 219915 Species Torquigener flavimaculosus 219962 Species Trachurus indicus 218443 Species Tridentiger trigonocephalus 283049 Species Trypauchen vagina 219593 Species Tylerius spinosissimus 219963 Species Tylosurus choram 126379 Species Upeneus moluccensis 126989 Species Upeneus pori 273671 Species Vanderhorstia mertensi 277377 Species Variola louti 218304 Species Zebrasoma flavescens 219683 Species Zebrasoma xanthurum 219681 Species Zenopsis conchifer 127426 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword https://kos.lifewatch.eu/thesauri/alienspecies/c_1 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://eurovoc.europa.eu/1879 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/30108 Ernesto Azzurro National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Research director https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-3164 LifeWatch Italy lifewatchitaly@gmail.com Occurrence records were gathered through an extensive literature search by combining multiple search criteria. Each record was associated with the name of the species, the year of detection, the presumed introduction path, and the country where the species was observed. Each georeferenced observation included in ORMEF undergone a severe quality control and checked for possible geographical and taxonomic biases. Multiple search criteria were used for literature search including species scientific names and a combination of terms such as exotic, non-indigenous, and alien in conjunction with the names of Mediterranean and/or Mediterranean countries. In addition, periodic checks on the main journals devoted to the publication of exotic fish records were performed to update the database with new georeferenced occurrences. Grey literature was also considered, when accessible. Literature search was performed mainly through Google Scholar (https://scholar.google.com/), ISI Web of Science (https://www.webofscience.com/), and Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/). Ernesto Azzurro National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM) Research director 0000-0002-9805-3164 Point Of Contact USEit_ORMEF_Invasive_Fish_Data_Mediterranean_20250122.csv USEit_ORMEF_Invasive_Fish_Data_Mediterranean_20250122.csv 2893452 MD5:fa82beacb01a88e2db49f378f52a9e96 UTF-8 1 column ; catalogNumber Catalog Number An identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the data set or collection. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber occurenceID Occurence ID An identifier for the dwc:Occurrence (as opposed to a particular digital record of the dwc:Occurrence). In the absence of a persistent global unique identifier, construct one from a combination of identifiers in the record that will most closely make the dwc:occurrenceID globally unique. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasCode http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceID year Year The four-digit year in which the dwc:Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar. dateTime YYYY http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/year month Month The integer month in which the dwc:Event occurred. dateTime MM http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/month eventRemarks Event Remarks Comments or notes about the dwc:Event. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks verbatimLocality Verbatim Locality The original textual description of the place. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLocality country Country The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the dcterms:Location occurs. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/country decimalLatitude Decimal Latitude The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive. degree ratio http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude decimalLongitude Decimal Longitude The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive. degree ratio http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude depth depth The perpendicular measurement downward from a surface. meter ratio http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://purl.dataone.org/odo/ECSO_00000515 class Class The full scientific name of the class in which the dwc:Taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class order Order The full scientific name of the order in which the dwc:Taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order family Family The full scientific name of the family in which the dwc:Taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family genus Genus The full scientific name of the genus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus scientificName Scientific Name The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of a dwc:Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the dwc:identificationQualifier term. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName scientificNameAuthorship Scientific Name Authorship The authorship information for the dwc:scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable dwc:nomenclaturalCode. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship acceptedNameUsage Accepted Name Usage The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) dwc:Taxon. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsage acceptedNameUsageID Accepted Name Usage ID An identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasCode http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsageID taxonRank Taxon Rank The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the dwc:scientificName. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRank occurrenceRemarks Occurrence Remarks Comments or notes about the dwc:Occurrence. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/occurrenceRemarks organismQuantity Organism Quantity A number or enumeration value for the quantity of dwc:Organisms. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantity organismQuantityType Organism Quantity Type The type of quantification system used for the quantity of dwc:Organisms. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#measuresEntity http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/organismQuantityType nativeSeaArea native range A range in which a species has evolved or in which it has arrived by natural means. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext https://w3id.org/inbio#_000058 degreeOfEstablishment Degree Of Establishment The degree to which a dwc:Organism survives, reproduces, and expands its range at the given place and time. nominal Casual Individuals surviving outside of captivity or cultivation in a location with no reproduction. Established Individuals surviving outside of captivity or cultivation in a location. Reproduction occurring and population self-sustaining. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#ofCharacteristic http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/degreeOfEstablishment distributionStatus status The occurrence or status of an alien species is a prompt start of the entire process for an early warning and rapid response. nominal Rare The taxon occurs regularly in this area but only in small numbers. Irregular The taxon may be common in certain years and entirely absent in other years. Common The taxon is observed frequently in the area. http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#ofCharacteristic https://kos.lifewatch.eu/thesauri/alienspecies/c_45a0f010 associatedReferences Associated References A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the dwc:Occurrence. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/associatedReferences references References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://purl.org/dc/terms/references 5075