Spiders from Macaronesia_Azores

The data presented here comes from samples collected as part of two recent research projects (ISLANDBIODIV and MACDIV), which aimed to understand the drivers of community assembly in Macaronesian islands. We applied the sampling protocol COBRA (Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment, Cardoso 2009) in ten 50 m x 50 m native forest plots in the Azorean Islands of Pico (6 plots) and Terceira (10 plots) to assess the diversity of spiders species. Through this publication we contribute to the knowledge of the arachnofauna of the Azores, and more specifically, to that of the islands of Pico and

Terceira. This dataset presents data generated from spider samples collected in 16 forest plots on the Azorean islands of Pico and Terceira. Of the 40 species collected, 16 were introduced, 13 endemic, seven native (five of them Macaronesian endemics) and four undescribed species. Although most of the species had been previously recorded on both islands, two of the introduced species were recorded in Pico for the first time.

Identification

Alternate Identifier: 10.15468/kcgjfr

Alternate Identifier: 6aa5ac09-2b55-4078-bd2d-ec94fb91850a

Alternate Identifier: http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=spiders_macaronesia_azores

Publication Date: 2019-10-07

Title: Spiders from Macaronesia_Azores

Abstract

Dataset Language: ENGLISH

Dataset Creator: University of Helsinki - Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte (Postdoctoral researcher )

P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13) Helsinki, Finland , Helsinki , Helsinki , 00014 , FINLAND

Dataset Creator: University of Helsinki - Pedro Cardoso (Curator / Adjunct Professor )

P.O.Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13) , Helsinki , Helsinki , 00014 , FINLAND

Dataset Creator: University of Barcelona - Luís Carlos Crespo (PhD student )

Av. Diagonal 645, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain , Barcelona , E-08028 , SPAIN

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Rosalina Gabriel (Researcher )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Fernando Pereira (Technician )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Rui Carvalho (PhD Student )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Carla Rego (PhD student )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Rui Nunes (PhD student )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Maria Teresa Ferreira (PhD student )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Isabel R. Amorim (Post-doc fellow )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: IPNA-CSIC - Brent C. Emerson

C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3 , La Laguna , Tenerife , 38206 , SPAIN

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - François Rigal (Post-doctoral fellow )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Creator: Universidade dos Açores - Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges (Auxiliary Professor )

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Metadata Provider: Universidade dos Açores - Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Dataset Contact: Universidade dos Açores - Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges

Rua Capitão João d´Ávila, Pico da Urze , Angra do Heroísmo , Ilha Terceira , 9700-042 , PORTUGAL

Keywords (GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml )

Sampling event

Keywords (NA )

Pico
native forest
standardised sampling
Arthropoda
Terceira
exotic species
Araneae
Azores

Keywords (GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type.xml )

Samplingevent

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Pico and Terceira Islands, the Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: -30.85

East Bounding Coordinate: -24.478

North Bounding Coordinate: 41.344

South Bounding Coordinate: 36.457

Temporal Coverage

Range of Dates

Begin Date

2012-06-01

End Date

2016-09-26

Taxonomic Coverage

General Taxonomic Coverage: Rank: order; Scientific Name: Araneae: Common Name: Spiders

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomic Rank Name: Order

Taxonomic Rank Value: Anareae

Common Name: Spiders

License Information

Intellectual Rights

This work is licensed under a

Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License

Projects

• Project

Title: Standardised inventories of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Macaronesian native forests: The Azores.

Personnel

Individual Name

Given Name: Paulo

Surname: Vieira Borges

User ID: 0000-0002-8448-7623

Role: CONTENT_PROVIDER

Abstract

Terceira. This dataset presents data generated from spider samples collected in 16 forest plots on the Azorean islands of Pico and Terceira. Of the 41 species collected, 17 were introduced, 5 Macaronesian, 2 native, 13 endemic and 4 were undescribed species of unknown distribution. Although most of the species had been previously recorded on both islands, two of the introduced species were recorded in Pico for the first time.

Funding

Study Area Description

Descriptor

Terceira Island (area: 400.6 km²; elevation: 1,021.14 m) is one of the nine islands from the Azores archipelago, located in the North Atlantic, roughly at 38°43′49″N 27°19′10″W. The climate in the Azores is temperate oceanic, with regular and abundant rainfall, with high levels of relative humidity and persistent winds, mainly during the winter and autumn seasons. Terceira Island is known for the presence of some very important pristine areas at high elevation (Gaspar et al. 2011). However, few natural areas still remain at lower elevations, notably in Praia da Vitória’s council.

Design Description

Description

At all plots we applied the optimised and standardised COBRA

(Conservation Oriented Biodiversity Rapid Assessment) sampling protocol for temperate

forests (Cardoso 2009). Different variants of the COBRA protocol for spiders have already

been applied in oceanic islands (Emerson et al. 2017) and tropical forests (Malumbres-

Olarte et al. 2016, Malumbres-Olarte et al. 2017). Although originally developed and

optimised for mainland habitats, COBRA has been recently proposed to be the standard

protocol for inventorying and monitoring island forest ecosystems (Borges et al. 2018b).

The COBRA protocol for temperate forest spiders consists of: 4 night aerial samples (1

hour/ sample), 2 day sweeping samples and 2 night sweeping samples (1 hour/ sample), 2

day beating samples and 2 night beating samples (1 hour/ sample) and 12 pitfall samples

(4 traps/ sample). For the island sampling additional samples were added to also cover

beetle diversity (Borges et al. 2018b): 2 diurnal active aerial searching under bark, lichens

and bryophytes (ABS) (1 hour/ sample) and 2 diurnal active aerial searching in decaying

trunks, dead wood on the ground, and under stones (GWS) (1 hour/ sample). The ABS

method consists in collecting mostly beetles, but also spiders, found under bark and lichen

using a small hoe to remove them when needed. The GWS method is similar to the aerial

method but directed towards beetles and spiders found below knee-level, including

species hidden below stones, inside hollow trunks or in dead wood.

Methods

• Method

Method Step

Description: The data has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardised format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table (events) contains 121 records and one data table extension also exists (occurrence), with 1639 records. The extension supplies extra information about the core record.

Sampling

Study Extent

On each of the Azorean islands of Pico and Terceira, we established

respectively six and ten 50 m x 50 m plots along a 20 km long transect. In Pico, each plot

is located at increasing distances from the first plot: 0.1, 1, 5, 10 and 20 km. All plots were located in native forest dominated by Juniperus brevifolia, Laurus azorica

and Ilex perado subsp. azorica trees (see Borges et al. 2018C for more details).

Sampling Description