7685cd5b-1d63-4f43-a475-072f3b65b173 Miguel Cabrera Brufau Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) PostDoc miguelcabrera@ub.edu 0000-0002-0740-9306 Carlos Rochera University of Valencia Researcher carlos.rochera@uv.es 0000-0002-8294-4755 Antonio Picazo Mozo University of Valencia Senior Researcher antonio.picazo-mozo@uv.es 0000-0002-7572-9686 Antonio Camacho University of Valencia Full professor antonio.camacho@uv.es 0000-0003-0841-2010 Miguel Cabrera Brufau Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) PostDoc miguelcabrera@ub.edu 0000-0002-0740-9306 Martina Pulieri University of Salento Research assistant martina.pulieri@unisalento.it 0009-0001-9691-1989 Raquel Ambrosio Tour du Valat Research technician ambrosio.raquel3esob@gmail.com Content Provider Katrin Attermeyer WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station Group Leader katrin.attermeyer@wcl.ac.at 0000-0002-6503-9497 Content Provider Giancarlo Bachi National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) PostDoc giancarlo.bachi@cnr.it 0000-0002-8077-1512 Content Provider Nina Bègue Tour du Valat Engineer begue@tourduvalat.org Content Provider Martynas Bučas Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University Researcher martynas.Bucas@ku.lt 0000-0003-4668-5669 Content Provider Alba Camacho-Santamans Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) PhD student a.camacho-santamans@ub.edu 0000-0001-8639-2364 Content Provider Lídia Cañas Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Research technician lcanas@ub.edu 0000-0002-1101-2694 Content Provider Rafael Carballeira University of Valencia Temporary Professor rafael.carballeira@gmail.com 0000-0002-2807-6942 Content Provider Marco Carloni National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) Technician marco.carloni@ibf.cnr.it Content Provider Lamara Cavalcante Universidade de Aveiro PhD Student lamaracavalcante@live.ua.pt 0000-0003-2293-2602 Content Provider Constantin Cazacu University of Bucharest Assistant professor constantin.cazacu@g.unibuc.ro 0000-0003-4521-7185 Content Provider Giovanni Checcucci National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) Researcher giovanni.checcucci@ibf.cnr.it 0000-0002-7960-7168 Content Provider João Pedro Coelho Universidade de Aveiro Researcher jpcoelho@ua.pt 0000-0003-1975-8308 Content Provider Valentin Dinu University of Bucharest Researcher valentin.dinu@bio.unibuc.ro 0000-0001-5084-8630 Content Provider Valtere Evangelista National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) Technician valtere.evangelista@ibf.cnr.it Content Provider Ilenia Férez Martín University of Barcelona Graduate student iferezma60@alumnes.ub.edu Content Provider Jonas Gintauskas Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University Specialist jonas.gintauskas@ku.lt 0000-0001-6110-8638 Content Provider Relu Constantin Giuca University of Bucharest Researcher relu_constantin.giuca@g.unibuc.ro 0000-0002-3199-9852 Content Provider Anis Guelmami Tour du Valat Engineer guelmami@tourduvalat.org 0000-0002-3906-6424 Content Provider Mirco Guerrazzi National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) Technician mirco.guerrazzi@cnr.it Content Provider Samuel Hilaire Tour du Valat Research technician hilaire@tourduvalat.org 0000-0002-7286-9819 Content Provider Marija Katarzyte Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University Researcher marija.Katarzyte@ku.lt 0000-0001-7751-3187 Content Provider Ana Lillebø Universidade de Aveiro Principal researcher lillebo@ua.pt 0000-0002-5228-0329 Content Provider Raquel Lizán University of Valencia Technician raquel.lizan@uv.es Content Provider Camille Minaudo Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) PostDoc camille.minaudo@ub.edu 0000-0003-0979-9595 Content Provider Benjamin Misteli WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station PostDoc benjamin.misteli@wcl.ac.at 0000-0002-7733-4354 Content Provider Jorge Juan Montes-Pérez Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) PostDoc jmontesp@ub.edu 0000-0002-0257-4062 Content Provider Daniel Morant University of Valencia Researcher daniel.morant@uv.es 0000-0001-8267-5340 Content Provider Biel Obrador Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Associate professor obrador@ub.edu 0000-0003-4050-0491 Content Provider Bruna R. F. Oliveira Universidade de Aveiro Researcher bruna.oliveira@ua.pt 0000-0001-5877-8614 Content Provider Vitor Hugo Pessoa Oliveira University of Aveiro Junior Researcher vitor.hugo.oliveira@ua.pt 0000-0002-5119-1295 Content Provider Marta Pedrón University of Valencia PhD student marta.pedron@uv.es 0009-0002-9715-0680 Content Provider Jolita Petkuviene Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University Senior researcher jolita.petkuviene@ku.lt 0000-0001-9015-9899 Content Provider Antonio Picazo Mozo University of Valencia Senior Researcher antonio.picazo-mozo@uv.es 0000-0002-7572-9686 Content Provider Tudor Racoviceanu University of Bucharest Researcher tudor.racoviceanu@drd.unibuc.ro 0000-0003-1560-1696 Content Provider Sara Ribeiro University of Aveiro Graduate technician sararibeiro@ua.pt 0000-0002-5074-5452 Content Provider Michael Ronse Tour du Valat Engineer ronse@tourduvalat.org Content Provider Chiara Santinelli National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) Researcher chiara.santinelli@ibf.cnr.it 0000-0002-8921-275X Content Provider Ana I. Sousa Universidade de Aveiro Researcher anaisousa@ua.pt 0000-0003-0783-5177 Content Provider Gertraud Steniczka WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station Technician gertraud.steniczka@wcl.ac.at Content Provider Wouter Suykerbuyk Wageningen Marine Research Researcher wouter.suykerbuyk@wur.nl 0009-0002-2461-7964 Content Provider Edvinas Tiskus Marine Research Institute, Klaipėda University Research assistant edvinas.tiskus@ku.lt 0000-0002-6293-2140 Content Provider Claudia Tropea National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) PhD student claudia.tropea@ibf.cnr.it 0009-0005-4100-3309 Content Provider Diana Vaičiūtė Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University Researcher diana.Vaiciute@ku.lt 0000-0003-4479-5688 Content Provider silvia valsecchi National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biophysics (IBF) PhD student silvia.valsecchi@mare.arditi.pt 0000-0002-9169-8947 Content Provider Marinka van Puijenbroek Wageningen University and Research Researcher marinka.vanpuijenbroek@wur.nl 0000-0003-1237-6403 Content Provider Mourine Jesire Yegon WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station PhD student mourine.yegon@wcl.ac.at 0000-0001-5379-325X Content Provider Daniel von Schiller Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) Associate professor d.vonschiller@ub.edu 0000-0002-9493-3244 Content Provider Martina Pulieri University of Salento Research assistant martina.pulieri@unisalento.it 0009-0001-9691-1989 Information Manager Ilaria Rosati National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) Technologist ilaria.rosati@cnr.it 0000-0003-3422-7230 Custodian Steward 2025-11-20 English This dataset includes potential fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O for 841 individual ex-situ incubations of sediment cores collected across six European coastal wetlands under different ecological status. After sampling of cores, the headspace gas volume and concentration were measured, and the cores were then sealed and incubated for 22 ± 4 hours either in temperature-controlled chambers or under natural meteorological conditions. After incubation, the gas concentration of the headspace was measured again, and the net molar flux was calculated using the headspace volume and the gas concentration difference between the start and end of the incubation. Fluxes for each gas are accompanied by corresponding standard error (calculated via error propagation of the initial and final gas concentration) and p-value (indicating whether the flux is significantly different than zero). Additionally, the dataset includes the CH4 stock in the sediment (with its standard error and p-value), estimated through the difference in core headspace gas concentration between the end of the incubation and after manual homogenization of the sediment inside. All gas concentrations were measured using portable gas analysers (Li-COR 7810 and Li-COR 7820) either using direct recirculation of the headspace gas or via the open-loop method for small samples developed by the manufacturer. Spatially, the dataset contains fluxes of cores collected from of 36 different sites, corresponding to 6 different casepilot wetlands and 3 conservation status (altered, preserved, restored), that is, two sites per wetland-conservation status combination. In each site, six measurements were performed during four seasonal samplings covering Autum 2023 through Summer 2024. Sampling information is also recorded for each core (season, wetland casepilot, site, GPS coordinates, date of sampling, water depth). The dataset is under embargo period and will be available after 31-12-2027. wetland ecological restoration Biodiversity Thesaurus greenhouse gas fluxes carbon dioxide methane nitrous oxide Environmental Thesaurus Free for use, including sharing and adaptation, by all individuals provided that the owners are acknowledged in any use or publication. Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ DOI https://doi.org/10.48372/q7v1-b738 Danube Delta 28.2843 29.7459 45.4723 44.8032 Ria de Aveiro -8.72507 -8.59663 40.74963 40.63271 Marjal dels moros -0.27997 -0.240362 39.64107 39.61579 Curonian lagoon 20.5142 21.2653 55.7186 54.8743 Camargue 4.4382 4.9275 43.674 43.3229 Dutch wetlands 3.9907 4.4087 51.6811 51.2754 2023-10-03 2024-08-01 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21162 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20808 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20812 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/BLH-RN514W43-J http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20852 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/BLH-F8D2QQL7-K Miguel Cabrera Brufau Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) PostDoc miguelcabrera@ub.edu 0000-0002-0740-9306 Carlos Rochera University of Valencia Researcher carlos.rochera@uv.es 0000-0002-8294-4755 Antonio Camacho University of Valencia Full professor antonio.camacho@uv.es 0000-0003-0841-2010 Initial measurement and incubation of cores: After collection of sediment cores and transport to the laboratory, they were opened to allow gas equilibration with the atmosphere. For the initial measurement, the inlet tube of the portable gas analyzer was placed inside the headspace of the core and air was flushed with the equipment internal pump while monitoring the greenhouse gas concentration of CO2 and CH4. Once the concentrations stabilized, initial CO2 and CH4 concentrations were recorded, and a 20 mL sample of headspace air was transferred to a 12 mL pre-evacuated gas-tight glass exetainer for N2O analysis. Immediately after collecting the air sample, the core was sealed and the incubation initiated, recording the initial time. Cores were incubated for an average of 22 ± 4 hours either in bioclimatic chambers (adjusted for in-situ temperature and light conditions) or under natural meteorological conditions. Li-COR LI-7810 End-of-incubation sampling: At the end of the incubation, the headspace volume in the core was recorded and a final 20 mL air sample was transferred to a pre-evacuated exetainer for final gas concentration determination. To determine the stock of CH4 contained in the sediment, the core was shaken vigorously to mobilize into the headspace the gas trapped in the sediment and an additional air sample was taken. Sample analysis: all air samples were analyzed using the open-loop method for small samples [https://www.licor.com/support/Trace-Gas-Analyzers/topics/measuring-small-gas-samples.html#Measuringgasconcentrationsofsmallsamples]. Briefly, a known volume of sample (0.5-1 mL) is injected into the inlet tube of the Li-COR analyzer through a rubber plug using a syringe. The area under the peak generated by the injection is proportional to the product of the volume injected and difference in concentration between the air supply to the instrument and that of the sample. Each sample was injected 3-5 times as analytical replicates. This analysis was either performed in the local lab using ambient air of known concentration as carrier gas or at the University of Barcelona, using two Li-COR instruments, one for CO2 and CH4 (LI-7810) and one for N2O (LI- 7820) connected in series and using synthetic air as the carrier gas. Peak integration and calculation of sample concentrations was performed in R using a custom script. Li-COR LI-7810 Li-COR LI-7820 Calculation of potential fluxes and methane stock in the sediment: potential fluxes were calculated via the net increase in headspace gas concentration during the incubation time, considering the headspace volume and using the ideal gas equation to calculate molar fluxes. The methane stock in the sediment is similarly calculated through the difference in concentration between the sample after incubation and that taken after homogenization, assuming full mobilization of gases trapped in the sediment. Standard errors and significances (test against zero) for potential flux and stock estimates were calculated propagating the error of analytical replicates. Six different coastal wetlands were selected as case pilots: Camargue, Curonian Lagoon, Danube Delta, South-West Dutch Delta, Ria de Aveiro and Valencian wetland Marjal dels Moros. In each case pilot wetland, sites corresponding to three different ecological status were selected by duplicate; namely, two well preserved sites, two altered sites and two restored sites. Each site was sampled once per season from October 2023 to August 2024. At each site, six intact sediment cores were extracted by hand using transparent methacrylate tubes of 50-100 cm in length and 4 cm in diameter. A sediment core consists of approximately 15 cm of sediment, and water column according to the sampling point depth, while ensuring at least 10 cm of headspace air is left (discarding excess water if needed). Sediment cores were preferentially collected from inundated areas (if present) at the end of the sampling visit to minimize gas buildup in the headspace before the start of the incubation. Cores were transported sealed for logistical reasons. Miguel Cabrera Brufau Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona (UB) PostDoc miguelcabrera@ub.edu 0000-0002-0740-9306 Point Of Contact Benjamin Misteli WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station PostDoc benjamin.misteli@wcl.ac.at 0000-0002-7733-4354 Point Of Contact Antonio Camacho University of Valencia Full professor antonio.camacho@uv.es 0000-0003-0841-2010 Point Of Contact RESTORE4Cs_GHGcores_Fluxes.csv RESTORE4Cs_GHGcores_Fluxes.csv 143331 MD5:382a5238270ff49ac93ca37909d71894 UTF-8 1 column , eventID Event ID An identifier for the set of information associated with a dwc:Event (something that occurs at a place and time). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set. Any Text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventID season season Code that identifies the seasonal campaign. S1 Autumn - S2 Winter - S3 Spring - S4 Summer - http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7529 higherGeography Higher Geography Full name of the wetland casepilot where the sediment core was taken. Any Text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/higherGeography locationID Location ID Code that identifies the location (the wetland "unit") where the measurement was taken. Coded as a combination of the casepilot (higherGeography) abreviation and one of "A1", "A2", "P1", "P2", "R1" or "R2". Letters A, P, R followed by number correspond to the ecological status classification of the locations (A=Altered, P=Preserved, R= Restored). Any Text http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locationID eventDate Event Date The date-time or interval during which a dwc:Event occurred. YYYY-MM-DD http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate decimalLatitude Decimal Latitude The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive. degree real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude decimalLongitude Decimal Longitude The geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive. degree real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude waterDepth water depth Water depth of the geographical point where the sediment core was sampled. centimeter real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/22310 CO2FLux CO2 Flux Areal CO2 flux. Calculated as the change of CO2 concentration in the core headspace divided by sediment surface area and duration of core incubaton. mmol of CO2 per square meter per day real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21177 CO2FluxSE CO2 Flux SE Standard Error associated to the CO2 flux. mmol of CO2 per square meter per day real CO2FluxPvalue CO2 Flux p-value P-value testing whether the CO2 flux is significantly different than zero. dimensionless real CH4FLux CH4 Flux Areal CH4 flux. Calculated as the change of CH4 concentration in the core headspace divided by sediment surface area and duration of core incubaton. micromol of CH4 per square meter per day real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21192 CH4FluxSE CH4 Flux SE Standard Error associated to the CH4 flux. micromol of CH4 per square meter per day real CH4FluxPvalue CH4 Flux p-value P-value testing whether the CH4 flux is significantly different than zero. dimensionless real N2OFLux N2O Flux Areal N2O flux. Calculated as the change of N2O concentration in the core headspace divided by sediment surface area and duration of core incubaton. micromol of N2O per square meter per day real http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21193 N2OFluxSE N2O Flux SE Standard Error associated to the N2O flux. micromol of N2O per square meter per day real N2OFluxPvalue N2O Flux p-value P-value testing whether the N2O flux is significantly different than zero. dimensionless real CH4Stock CH4 Stock Areal CH4 stock of sediment. Calculated via the change of CH4 concentration in the core headspace before and after sediment homogenization divided by sediment surface area. Assumes that (i) all methane was mobilized from the sediment and that (ii) core sediment depth captured the full horizon of methanogenesis. mmol of CH4 per squared meter real CH4StockSE CH4 Stock SE Standard Error associated to the CH4 stock. mmol of CH4 per squared meter real CH4StockPvalue CH4 Stock p-value P-value testing whether the CH4 stock is significantly different than zero. dimensionless real 841