An individual-based dataset of morphometric and locomotor-behaviour traits of groundwater-associated copepods
This dataset contains the functional traits of 314 individuals from 14 groundwater-associated copepod species collected at 6 groundwater sites across Italy, Slovenia, and Romania (4 karstic caves, 1 karstic spring, 1 alluvial aquifer). The dataset encompasses 4 stygobitic cyclopoid, 4 stygobitic harpacticoid, 2 stygophilic harpacticoid, and 4 stygoxene harpacticoid species. The dataset includes 10 continuous traits (5 morphometric and 5 locomotor-behavioural) of adult copepod individuals, individuals' sex and habitat preference, and full taxonomic and sampling site details. All measurements were obtained on living specimens.
Default
IdentificationAbout this resource
- Alternate Identifier
-
7dd0e4f3-252f-43ce-b6f5-3cfc6363c883
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-05
- Title
-
An individual-based dataset of morphometric and locomotor-behaviour traits of groundwater-associated copepods
- Abstract
-
This dataset contains the functional traits of 314 individuals from 14 groundwater-associated copepod species collected at 6 groundwater sites across Italy, Slovenia, and Romania (4 karstic caves, 1 karstic spring, 1 alluvial aquifer). The dataset encompasses 4 stygobitic cyclopoid, 4 stygobitic harpacticoid, 2 stygophilic harpacticoid, and 4 stygoxene harpacticoid species. The dataset includes 10 continuous traits (5 morphometric and 5 locomotor-behavioural) of adult copepod individuals, individuals' sex and habitat preference, and full taxonomic and sampling site details. All measurements were obtained on living specimens.
- Dataset Language
-
English
- Dataset Creator
- Metadata Provider
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Associated Party
- Dataset Contact
- Keywords (Environmental Thesaurus)
-
-
copepoda
-
groundwater
-
- Keywords (Traits Thesaurus)
-
-
Functional trait
-
Behavioural trait
-
Morphological trait
-
Movement
-
Geographic Coverage
- Geographic Description
-
Antro del Corchia karstic cave
Bounding Box
- West Bounding Coordinate
-
10.296
- East Bounding Coordinate
-
10.296
- North Bounding Coordinate
-
44.029
- South Bounding Coordinate
-
44.029
Geographic Coverage
- Geographic Description
-
Grotta del Vento karstic cave
Bounding Box
- West Bounding Coordinate
-
10.358
- East Bounding Coordinate
-
10.358
- North Bounding Coordinate
-
44.033
- South Bounding Coordinate
-
44.033
Geographic Coverage
- Geographic Description
-
Tinello karstic spring
Bounding Box
- West Bounding Coordinate
-
10.355
- East Bounding Coordinate
-
10.355
- North Bounding Coordinate
-
44.026
- South Bounding Coordinate
-
44.026
Geographic Coverage
- Geographic Description
-
Pianosa alluvial aquifer
Bounding Box
- West Bounding Coordinate
-
10.081
- East Bounding Coordinate
-
10.081
- North Bounding Coordinate
-
42.583
- South Bounding Coordinate
-
42.583
Geographic Coverage
- Geographic Description
-
Pekel pri Zalogu karstic cave
Bounding Box
- West Bounding Coordinate
-
15.133
- East Bounding Coordinate
-
15.133
- North Bounding Coordinate
-
46.29
- South Bounding Coordinate
-
46.29
Geographic Coverage
- Geographic Description
-
Movile karstic cave
Bounding Box
- West Bounding Coordinate
-
28.561
- East Bounding Coordinate
-
28.561
- North Bounding Coordinate
-
43.826
- South Bounding Coordinate
-
43.826
Temporal Coverage
Range of Dates
- Begin Date
-
2024-07-25
- End Date
-
2025-04-22
Taxonomic Coverage
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Attheyella (Attheyella) crassa
- Taxon ID
-
JN2D
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Subspecies
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Attheyella (Attheyella) wierzejskii wierzejskii
- Taxon ID
-
8FRK3
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) typhlops
- Taxon ID
-
NHQP
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Subspecies
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) zschokkei zschokkei
- Taxon ID
-
5DP9J
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
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Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
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Diacyclops belgicus
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Subspecies
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Elaphoidella elaphoides elaphoides
- Taxon ID
-
7ZH37
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Elaphoidella phreatica
- Taxon ID
-
392W6
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Subspecies
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Eucyclops subterraneus scythicus
- Taxon ID
-
7ZH59
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Genus
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Moraria
- Taxon ID
-
7PKQL
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Nitocrella ensifera
- Taxon ID
-
47JKZ
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Subspecies
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Pesceus schmeili schmeili
- Taxon ID
-
8GV73
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Pilocamptus pilosus
- Taxon ID
-
4HTW6
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Speocyclops infernus
- Taxon ID
-
4YHXM
Taxonomic Classification
- Taxonomic Rank Name
-
Species
- Taxonomic Rank Value
-
Stygocyclops teras
- Taxon ID
-
7ZGR9
resourceLicensesLicense Information
- Intellectual Rights
Resource License
- License Name
-
cc-by
Distribution
Online
- A brief description of the the content of online URL.
-
DOI
Online
- A brief description of the the content of online URL.
-
Info and download page on LifeWatch Italy Data Portal
Project
• Project
- Title
-
DarCo Project
Personnel
Individual Name
- Given Name
-
Agostina
- Surname
-
Tabilio Di Camillo
- Organization Name
-
National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)
- Position Name
-
PhD student
- User ID
-
0000-0002-3051-8885
- Role
-
Point Of Contact
Personnel
Individual Name
- Given Name
-
Tiziana
- Surname
-
Di Lorenzo
- Organization Name
-
National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)
- Position Name
-
Senior Researcher
- User ID
-
0000-0002-3131-7049
- Role
-
Point Of Contact
Personnel
Individual Name
- Given Name
-
Diana M.P.
- Surname
-
Galassi
- Organization Name
-
University of L'Aquila
- Position Name
-
Full professor
- User ID
-
0000-0002-6448-2710
- Role
-
Point Of Contact
Personnel
Individual Name
- Given Name
-
Nataša
- Surname
-
Mori
- Organization Name
-
National Institute of Biology
- Position Name
-
Head of Department
- User ID
-
0000-0002-1168-305X
- Role
-
Point Of Contact
Personnel
Individual Name
- Given Name
-
Mattia
- Surname
-
Di Cicco
- Organization Name
-
University of L'Aquila
- Position Name
-
Research fellow
- User ID
-
0000-0002-3432-2492
- Role
-
Point Of Contact
Personnel
Individual Name
- Given Name
-
Barbara
- Surname
-
Fiasca
- Organization Name
-
University of L'Aquila
- Position Name
-
Senior Laboratory Technician
- User ID
-
0000-0001-9353-6303
- Role
-
Point Of Contact
- Abstract
-
DarCo aims to advance knowledge about subterranean biodiversity in Europe and inform its management. The overarching goal is to develop a concrete plan to incorporate subterranean ecosystems in the European Union (EU) Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.
- Funding
-
Biodiversa+, the European Biodiversity Partnership under the 2021–2022 BiodivProtect joint call for research proposals, co-funded by the European Commission (GA N°101052342) and with the funding organisations Ministry of Universities and Research (Italy), Agencia Estatal de Investigación – Fundación Biodiversidad (Spain), Fundo Regional para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), Suomen Akatemia – Ministry of the Environment (Finland), Belgian Science Policy Office (Belgium), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft e.V. (Germany), Schweizerischer Nationalfonds (Grant N° 31BD30_209583, Switzerland), Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Austria), Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Innovation (Slovenia) and the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (Romania).
Methods
• Method
Method Step
- Description
-
Video and photograph acquisition. Each copepod specimen was gently transferred from its rearing vial into a 0.8 cm diameter circular arena filled with 80 µL of water from its original sampling site. The arena was placed in a temperature-controlled bath to maintain stable thermal conditions during recording. Specimens were filmed for 60 seconds at 30 frames per second using a Leica M80 stereomicroscope equipped with an MC170 HD camera (Leica Microsystems). Slovenian specimens were filmed at 15 frames per second using a Dino-Lite Edge Digital Microscope. After recording, individuals were anesthetized with CO₂ and photographed in prone and lateral positions for morphometric analyses.
Instrumentation
- Instrument
-
Leica Microsystems
- Instrument
-
Leica M80 stereomicroscope
- Instrument
-
MC170 HD camera
- Instrument
-
Dino-Lite Edge Digital Microscope
Method Step
- Description
-
Locomotor-behavioural analysis. Videos were processed using Noldus EthoVision XT 17.5 software (Noldus Information Technology) to track centroid coordinates of each individual. Trajectories were smoothed using a LOWESS filter to reduce high-frequency noise while preserving biologically meaningful movement patterns. A 21-sample window was used for 30 fps videos, and an 11-sample window was used for 15 fps videos. Locomotor-behavioural traits quantified included Distance Moved (mm; total displacement of the animal centroid, with a 0.15 mm s-1 starting velocity threshold), Average Velocity (mm s-1; mean speed of the centroid, with an outlier filter applied over a 1-sample interval), and Maximum Velocity (mm s-1; maximum instantaneous speed of the centroid, with an outlier filter applied over a 1-sample interval). Movement (%) was calculated as the fraction of movement frames relative to the total number of frames recorded. This provided a measure of the individual’s behavioural activity level. Maximum acceleration (mm s-2) was calculated as the greatest value of the instantaneous acceleration (a(t)=(dv(t))/dt) observed over the time interval of motion. This represented the highest rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
Software
Method Step
- Description
-
After measurement, the specimens were sacrificed and preserved in 97% ethanol solution for subsequent taxonomic identification that was carried out using specialized literature (Borutzky 1952; Dussart 1967, 1969; Boxshall and Halsey 2004; Wells 2007) and online resources, such as the Virtual Copepod Library (Walter and Boxshall, 2025 ).
Sampling
- Study Extent
-
The sampling encompassed a range of groundwater and groundwater-associated habitats across Italy, Slovenia, and Romania. In Italy, specimens were collected from the Apuan Alps and the Tuscan Archipelago; in Slovenia, from the Pekel pri Zalogu cave system; and in Romania, from the Movile Cave. Sampling campaigns were conducted between November 2022 and March 2025. At each sampling site, specimens were collected only once. The collected organisms belong to the Class Copepoda, specifically the Orders Harpacticoida and Cyclopoida.
- Sampling Description
-
Copepod specimens were collected from multiple groundwater and groundwater-associated habitats across Italy, Slovenia, and Romania between November 2022 and March 2025. Sampling methods were adapted to each habitat type to maximize collection efficiency: 1. Moraria sp.Co1: November 2022, two drips in the Stalactites Gallery, Antro del Corchia cave (Apuan Alps, Italy). Drip water was collected using devices placed under active drips following Pipan and Culver (2005). 2. Bryocamptus zschokkei: December 2022, Sorgente del Tinello, a karstic spring in the Apuan Alps (Italy). Sediments were disturbed by foot, and dislodged fauna collected with a 60 μm-mesh hand net (Malard et al., 2002). 3. Stygocyclops teras: June 2024, subterranean lake in Grotta del Vento, Apuan Alps (Italy). The collection followed cave fauna sampling procedures (Malard et al., 2002). 4. Eucyclops subterraneus scythicus: October 2024, Lake Room of Movile Cave, Romania. Individuals were collected using a 63 μm-mesh net and repeatedly pooled into lake water. 5. Nitocrella ensifera: October 2024, borehole on Pianosa Island, Tuscan Archipelago (Italy). Groundwater (500 L) was pumped and filtered through a 60 μm-mesh net (Malard et al., 2002). 6. Attheyella crassa, Attheyella wierzejskii, Bryocamptus typhlops, Diacyclops belgicus, Elaphoidella elaphoides, Elaphoidella phreatica, Pesceus schmeili, Pilocamptus pilosus, Speocyclops infernus: February–March 2025, Pekel pri Zalogu cave system (Slovenia). Sediments were disturbed by hand, and fauna were collected with a 60 μm-mesh hand net following established cave sampling protocols (Malard et al., 2002).
Data Tables
• Data Table
- Name
-
Groundwater_Copepod_Trait.csv
Physical
- Object Name
-
Groundwater_Copepod_Trait.csv
- Size
-
113356
- Authentication
-
MD5:2d9a5f4195dab605a9c3ffdaefd9b280
- Character Encoding
-
UTF-8
Data Format
- textFormat
-
1
column
,
Attribute List
Attribute
- Name
-
eventID
- Label
-
Event ID
- Definition
-
An identifier for the set of information associated with a dwc:Event (something that occurs at a place and time). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
order
- Label
-
Order
- Definition
-
The full scientific name of the order in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
family
- Label
-
Family
- Definition
-
The full scientific name of the family in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
subfamily
- Label
-
Subfamily
- Definition
-
The full scientific name of the subfamily in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
genus
- Label
-
Genus
- Definition
-
The full scientific name of the genus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
subgenus
- Label
-
Subgenus
- Definition
-
The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
specificEpithet
- Label
-
Specific Epithet
- Definition
-
The name of the first or species epithet of the dwc:scientificName.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
infraspecificEpithet
- Label
-
Infraspecific Epithet
- Definition
-
The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the dwc:scientificName, excluding any rank designation.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
scientificName
- Label
-
Scientific Name
- Definition
-
The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of a dwc:Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the dwc:identificationQualifier term.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
scientificNameAuthorship
- Label
-
Scientific Name Authorship
- Definition
-
The authorship information for the dwc:scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable dwc:nomenclaturalCode.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
namePublishedInYear
- Label
-
Name Published In Year
- Definition
-
The four-digit year in which the dwc:scientificName was published.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
acceptedNameUsage
- Label
-
Accepted Name Usage
- Definition
-
The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) dwc:Taxon.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
acceptedNameUsageID
- Label
-
Accepted Name Usage ID
- Definition
-
An identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
taxonRank
- Label
-
Taxon Rank
- Definition
-
The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the dwc:scientificName.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
country
- Label
-
Country
- Definition
-
The name of the country or major administrative unit in which the dcterms:Location occurs.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
locality
- Label
-
Locality
- Definition
-
The specific description of the place.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
habitat
- Label
-
Habitat
- Definition
-
A category or description of the habitat in which the dwc:Event occurred.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
decimalLongitude
- Label
-
Decimal Longitude
- Definition
-
decimalLongitude
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
degree
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
Attribute
- Name
-
decimalLatitude
- Label
-
Decimal Latitude
- Definition
-
decimalLatitude
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
degree
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
Attribute
- Name
-
geodeticDatum
- Label
-
Geodetic Datum
- Definition
-
The ellipsoid, geodetic datum, or spatial reference system (SRS) upon which the geographic coordinates given in dwc:decimalLatitude and dwc:decimalLongitude are based.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
eventDate
- Label
-
eventDate
- Definition
-
eventDate
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
temperature
- Label
-
water temperature
- Definition
-
[EOL] any measurable characteristic related to the temperature of water
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
celsius
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
Attribute
- Name
-
ecologicalClassification
- Label
-
Habitat preference
- Definition
-
A measure to explain the preference of an organism or taxon for particular habitats.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
enumeratedDomain
- codeDefinition
-
Stygobites
Groundwater-obligate dwellers which complete their entire life cycle in groundwater
Gibert et al.
- codeDefinition
-
Stygophiles
Species that can complete their life cycle in groundwater but are not strictly bound to it for surviva also occurring frequently in surface waters
Gibert et al.
- codeDefinition
-
Stygoxenes
Surface-water species that occasionally enter groundwater but do not establish permanent populations there
Gibert et al.
Attribute
- Name
-
sex
- Label
-
Sex
- Definition
-
The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the dwc:Occurrence.
Measurement Scale
nominal
nonNumericDomain
textDomain
- Definition
-
Any Text
Attribute
- Name
-
bodySize
- Label
-
Body size
- Definition
-
Morphological measurable characteristic related to the size of the body or part of the body of an organism. Body size is comparable across taxa and variable through time and space. Body size can vary within taxonomic groups, with gender and life stage.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
millimeter
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
Attribute
- Name
-
bodyShape
- Label
-
Body shape
- Definition
-
The general shape of the body or part of an organism. Angle (°) between the diagonal and the shorter base of the isosceles trapezoid with which the copepod's silhouette is simplified (higher angular values [~ 75 °] indicate a body shape tending towards the slender type, while lower angular values [~ 40 °] indicate a body shape tending towards the pyriform or spherical type).
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
degree
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
- Missing Value Code
-
NaN
Used when the angle could not be estimated; i.e., when the specimen assumed a V-shape position following anesthesia, and it was not possible to take a photograph from the dorsal view.
Attribute
- Name
-
bodyMass
- Label
-
Body weight
- Definition
-
Any measurable characteristic related to the body weight of an organism.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
milligram
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
Attribute
- Name
-
antennuleElongation
- Label
-
Antennule elongation ratio
- Definition
-
The relative length of the antennule (A1), expressed as the ratio of antennule length to body length.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
dimensionless
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
- Missing Value Code
-
NaN
Used when the antennular length measurement was not feasible; i.e., when the specimen's posture obscured the antennules in the photographs or when the males had folded their antennules following anesthesia.
Attribute
- Name
-
bodyFlexibility
- Label
-
Body flexibility
- Definition
-
The ability of an organism’s body to bend or curve without breaking, reflecting the range of motion or deformability of the body axis. It is commonly assessed by the maximum body angle, expressed in degrees (°), that can be achieved or maintained during movement.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
degree
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
- Missing Value Code
-
NaN
Used when the angle measurement could not be taken; i.e., when the specimen did not assume a V-position and its body angle did not deviate from a flat angle.
Attribute
- Name
-
distanceMoved
- Label
-
Path length
- Definition
-
The total distance travelled by an organism during a defined observation period. It represents the cumulative displacement of the organism’s trajectory, providing a measure of its locomotor activity.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
millimeter
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
Attribute
- Name
-
averageVelocity
- Label
-
Mean velocity
- Definition
-
The mean rate of movement of an organism during a defined observation period.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
millimetersPerSecond
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
- Missing Value Code
-
NaN
Used when the specimen remained immobile during the 1-minute video recording.
Attribute
- Name
-
maximumVelocity
- Label
-
Maximum velocity
- Definition
-
The maximum rate of movement of an organism during a defined observation period.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
millimetersPerSecond
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
- Missing Value Code
-
NaN
Used when the specimen remained immobile during the 1-minute video recording.
Attribute
- Name
-
movement
- Label
-
Movement duration
- Definition
-
The proportion of time during which anorganism is actively moving within a defined observation period. It may be expressed as an absolute time or as a percentage of activity, determined by applying a specified velocity threshold.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- standardUnit
-
percent
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
Attribute
- Name
-
maximumAcceleration
- Label
-
Maximum acceleration
- Definition
-
The maximum rate of change in the speed of an organism over time. It represents how rapidly the organism increases its velocity.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
Unit
- Custom Unit
-
Millimetres per second squared
Numeric domain
- Number type
-
real
- Missing Value Code
-
NaN
Used when the specimen remained immobile during the 1-minute video recording.
- numberOfRecords
-
314
