Italian Orchis occurrence

Orchids play a key role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into plant evolution, biogeography, ecological adaptation and conservation planning. Our data set is the first to produce a national orchid inventory, covering the entire Italian territory. We collected 71,693 records for 195 species of orchids occurring in Italy, number of records per species ranged from 1 (e.g., the endemic Ophrys gravinensis) to 3,163 (Dactylorhiza maculata), averaging 385±631 records per species. Out of the 195 species, 70 are endemic to Italy (36%), and 5 (2.6%) are listed within Annex II of the Habitats Directive. Nine species (4.6%) are classified as threatened (either VU or EN) by the IUCN European Red List, 11 as Near Threatened (5.6%), 3 as Data Deficient (1.5%), 76 as Least Concern (39.0%), and 95 not assessed (48.7%). Overall, orchid species showed on average 47.7± 24.0 % of records within protected areas, with 4 and 2 species featuring 100% and 0% within the network of protected areas, respectively. A total of 32 species showed <5 independent recent records. The main aim of the orchid data set was to make these occurrence data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal IUCN listed species. We anticipate that the Italian orchid data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change.

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Identification

Alternate Identifier

ab49daff-ace1-4670-8412-7849d604e603

Publication Date
2023-11-03
Title

Italian Orchis occurrence

Abstract

Orchids play a key role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into plant evolution, biogeography, ecological adaptation and conservation planning. Our data set is the first to produce a national orchid inventory, covering the entire Italian territory. We collected 71,693 records for 195 species of orchids occurring in Italy, number of records per species ranged from 1 (e.g., the endemic Ophrys gravinensis) to 3,163 (Dactylorhiza maculata), averaging 385±631 records per species. Out of the 195 species, 70 are endemic to Italy (36%), and 5 (2.6%) are listed within Annex II of the Habitats Directive. Nine species (4.6%) are classified as threatened (either VU or EN) by the IUCN European Red List, 11 as Near Threatened (5.6%), 3 as Data Deficient (1.5%), 76 as Least Concern (39.0%), and 95 not assessed (48.7%). Overall, orchid species showed on average 47.7± 24.0 % of records within protected areas, with 4 and 2 species featuring 100% and 0% within the network of protected areas, respectively. A total of 32 species showed <5 independent recent records. The main aim of the orchid data set was to make these occurrence data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal IUCN listed species. We anticipate that the Italian orchid data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change.

Dataset Language

eng

 
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Dataset Creator
Metadata Provider
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Associated Party
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Dataset Contact
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Keywords ()

  • protected areas

  • Orchidaceae

  • biogeography

  • conservation planning

  • conservation

  • species richness

  • biodiversity conservation

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description

The study area encompasses the Italian political borders. Italy is a ca. 1,000 km long peninsula located between the African and Eurasian plates, which protrudes from north to south into the Mediterranean Sea (0–4800 m ASL, and 35° N 29’ 24’’ to 47° N 04’ 22’’)

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate

6.749955275

East Bounding Coordinate

18.80247023

North Bounding Coordinate

47.11539317

South Bounding Coordinate

36.61998729

Temporal Coverage

Range of Dates

Begin Date

1789-01-01

End Date

2023-09-30

Taxonomic Coverage

Taxonomic Classification

Taxonomic Rank Name

Species

Taxonomic Rank Value

Anacamptis collina

Taxonomic Classification

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Species

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Anacamptis coriophora

Taxonomic Classification

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species

Taxonomic Rank Value

Anacamptis laxiflora

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Anacamptis longicornu

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Anacamptis morio

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Anacamptis palustris

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Anacamptis papilionacea

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Anacamptis pyramidalis

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Species

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Cephalanthera damasonium

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Cephalanthera longifolia

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Cephalanthera rubra

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Chamorchis alpina

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Coeloglossum viride

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Corallorhiza trifida

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Cypripedium calceolus

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Dactylorhiza elata

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Dactylorhiza incarnata

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Dactylorhiza insularis

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Dactylorhiza lapponica

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Dactylorhiza maculata

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Dactylorhiza majalis

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Dactylorhiza romana

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Dactylorhiza sambucina

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Dactylorhiza traunsteineri

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Epipactis aspromontana

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Epipactis atrorubens

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Epipactis autumnalis

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Epipactis bugacensis

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Epipactis calabrica

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Epipactis collaris

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Epipactis cupaniana

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Epipactis distans

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Epipactis etrusca

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Epipactis exilis

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Epipactis fageticola

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Epipactis greuteri

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Epipactis helleborine

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Epipactis ioessa

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Epipactis leptochila

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Epipactis lucana

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Epipactis maricae

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Epipactis meridionalis

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Epipactis microphylla

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Epipactis muelleri

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Epipactis palustris

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Epipactis placentina

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Epipactis pontica

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Epipactis purpurata

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Epipactis sanguinea

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Epipactis schubertiorum

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Epipactis zaupolensis

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Epipogium aphyllum

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Gennaria diphylla

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Goodyera repens

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Gymnadenia conopsea

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Gymnadenia densiflora

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Gymnadenia odoratissima

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Herminium monorchis

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Himantoglossum adriaticum

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Himantoglossum hircinum

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Himantoglossum robertianum

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Limodorum abortivum

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Limodorum brulloi

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Limodorum trabutianum

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Liparis loeselii

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Liparis nemoralis

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Malaxis monophyllos

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Neotinea lactea

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Neotinea maculata

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Neotinea tridentata

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Neotinea ustulata

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Neottia cordata

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Neottia nidus-avis

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Neottia ovata

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Nigritella buschmanniae

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Nigritella corneliana

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Nigritella lithopolitanica

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Nigritella miniata

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Nigritella nigra

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Nigritella rhellicani

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Nigritella widderi

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Ophrys annae

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Ophrys apifera

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Ophrys appennina

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Ophrys apulica

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Ophrys archimedea

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Ophrys argentaria

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Ophrys ausonia

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Ophrys bertolonii

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Ophrys biancae

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Ophrys bilunulata

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Ophrys biscutella

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Ophrys bombyliflora

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Ophrys brutia

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Ophrys caesiella

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Ophrys calliantha

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Ophrys calocaerina

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Ophrys candica

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Ophrys chestermanii

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Ophrys cinnabarina

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Ophrys classica

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Ophrys conradiae

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Ophrys corsica

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Ophrys crabronifera

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Ophrys delforgei

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Ophrys dinarica

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Ophrys exaltata

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Ophrys flammeola

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Ophrys forestieri

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Ophrys funerea

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Ophrys gackiae

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Ophrys gracilis

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Ophrys gravinensis

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Ophrys gresivaudanica

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Ophrys holosericea

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Ophrys incubacea

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Ophrys insectifera

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Ophrys iricolor

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Ophrys lacaitae

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Ophrys laurensis

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Ophrys lepida

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Ophrys litigiosa

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Ophrys lojaconoi

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Ophrys lucana

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Ophrys lucifera

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Ophrys lunulata

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Ophrys lutea

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Ophrys maritima

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Ophrys marmorata

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Ophrys massiliensis

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Ophrys mattinatae

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Ophrys minipassionis

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Ophrys mirabilis

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Ophrys normanii

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Ophrys obaesa

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Ophrys oestrifera

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Ophrys ortuabis

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Ophrys oxyrrhynchos

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Ophrys pallida

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Ophrys panattensis

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Ophrys panormitana

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Ophrys parvimaculata

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Ophrys passionis

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Ophrys pinguis

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Ophrys pollinensis

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Ophrys promontorii

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Ophrys pseudoatrata

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Ophrys riojana

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Ophrys santonica

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Ophrys scolopax

Taxonomic Classification

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Ophrys sicula

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Ophrys sipontensis

Taxonomic Classification

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Ophrys speculum

Taxonomic Classification

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Ophrys sphegodes

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Ophrys tardans

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Ophrys tarentina

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Ophrys tarquinia

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Ophrys tenthredinifera

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Ophrys tetraloniae

Taxonomic Classification

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Ophrys untchjii

Taxonomic Classification

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Ophrys vetula

Taxonomic Classification

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Orchis anthropophora

Taxonomic Classification

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Orchis brancifortii

Taxonomic Classification

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Orchis italica

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Orchis mascula

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Orchis militaris

Taxonomic Classification

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Orchis pallens

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Orchis patens

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Orchis pauciflora

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Orchis provincialis

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Orchis purpurea

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Orchis quadripunctata

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Orchis simia

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Orchis spitzelii

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Platanthera algeriensis

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Platanthera bifolia

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Platanthera chlorantha

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Pseudorchis albida

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Serapias bergonii

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Serapias cordigera

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Serapias cossyrensis

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Serapias francavillae

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Serapias intermedia

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Serapias lingua

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Serapias neglecta

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Serapias nurrica

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Serapias orientalis

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Serapias parviflora

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Serapias politisii

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Serapias strictiflora

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Serapias vomeracea

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Spiranthes aestivalis

Taxonomic Classification

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Spiranthes spiralis

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Traunsteinera globosa

License Information

Intellectual Rights

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Resource License

License Name

CC-BY 4.0

URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
 

Distribution

Online

A brief description of the the content of online URL.

Info and download page on LifeWatch Italy Data Portal

URL
https://dataportal.lifewatchitaly.eu/view/urn%3Auuid%3A1effc5b5-a0ab-4a91-ac82-ddb459a663e5

Online

A brief description of the the content of online URL.

DOI

URL
https://doi.org/10.48372/99c7-ec64
 
 

Project

• Project

Title

LifeWatchPLUS

Abstract

Personnel

Organization Name

Università di Bologna

Individual Name

Given Name

Michele

Surname

Lussu

Position Name

PostDoc

Personnel

Organization Name

Università di Bologna

Individual Name

Given Name

Alessandro

Surname

Chiarucci

Position Name

Principal Investigator

 
 

Methods

• Method

Method Step

Description

We selected georeferenced records of all the taxa of the family Orchidaceae occurring within the political borders of Italy. Orchid occurrences were obtained from WikiplantbaseItaly ( http://bot.biologia.unipi.it/wpb/italia), GBIF ( https://www.gbif.org/) and iNaturalist (www.inaturalist.org). Duplicates, as well as records with low spatial resolution (<4 degree decimals of coordinates), were discarded.

 
 

Data Tables

• Data Table

Name

Italian Orchis occurrence

Physical

Object Name

italian_orchids_records.csv

Size

13 MB

Attribute List

Attribute

Name

catalogNumber

Label

catalogNumber

Definition

An identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the data set or collection.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

kingdom

Label

kingdom

Definition

The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

phylum

Label

phylum

Definition

The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

class

Label

class

Definition

The full scientific name of the class in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

order

Label

order

Definition

The full scientific name of the order in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

family

Label

family

Definition

The full scientific name of the family in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

subfamily

Label

subfamily

Definition

The full scientific name of the tribe in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

tribe

Label

tribe

Definition

The full scientific name of the tribe in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

subtribe

Label

subtribe

Definition

The full scientific name of the subtribe in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

genus

Label

genus

Definition

The full scientific name of the genus in which the dwc:Taxon is classified.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

acceptedNameUsage

Label

acceptedNameUsage

Definition

The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) dwc:Taxon.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

ECHabitatDirective

Label

ECHabitatDirective

Definition

Indicates if the species has been included or not in the Habitats Directive (more formally known as Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora).

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

ordinal

Measurement Domain

Code

yes

Definition

The species has been included in the Habitats Directive.

Measurement Domain

Code

no

Definition

The species has not been included in the Habitats Directive.

Attribute

Name

endemisms

Label

endemisms

Definition

Indicates if the distribution status is restricted to Italy only.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

ordinal

Measurement Domain

Code

endemic

Definition

The distribution status is restricted to Italy only.

Measurement Domain

Code

not endemic

Definition

The distribution status isnot restricted to Italy only.

Attribute

Name

iucnRedListSpeciesStatus

Label

iucnRedListSpeciesStatus

Definition

IUCN category in which the species is assessed.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Measurement Domain

Code

LC

Definition

Least Concern

Measurement Domain

Code

NA

Definition

Not Applicable

Measurement Domain

Code

NT

Definition

Near Threatened

Measurement Domain

Code

EN

Definition

Endangered

Measurement Domain

Code

VU

Definition

Vulnerable

Measurement Domain

Code

DD

Definition

Data Deficient

Measurement Domain

Code

NE

Definition

Not Evaluated

Attribute

Name

biogeographicalRegion

Label

biogeographicalRegion

Definition

The biogeographical regions dataset contains the official delineations used in the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and for the EMERALD Network set up under the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). The dataset is INSPIRE compliant. The vocabulary is used for 2016 and 2011 versions of the dataset.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Measurement Domain

Code

mediterranean

Definition

Mediterranean Bio-geographical Region

Measurement Domain

Code

continental

Definition

Continental Bio-geographical Region

Measurement Domain

Code

alpine

Definition

Alpine Bio-geographical Region

Attribute

Name

habitat

Label

habitat

Definition

Type of habitat in which the species preferentially occurs.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Measurement Domain

Code

gra

Definition

Grassland

Measurement Domain

Code

wet

Definition

Wetland

Measurement Domain

Code

for

Definition

Forest

Attribute

Name

datasetName

Label

datasetName

Definition

The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

associatedReferences

Label

associatedReferences

Definition

A list (concatenated and separated) of identifiers (publication, bibliographic reference, global unique identifier, URI) of literature associated with the dwc:Occurrence.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type

nominal

Attribute

Name

decimalLatitude

Label

decimalLatitude

Definition

The geographic latitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive.

Attribute

Name

decimalLongitude

Label

decimalLongitude

Definition

he geographic longitude (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system given in dwc:geodeticDatum) of the geographic center of a dcterms:Location. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive.

Attribute

Name

year

Label

year

Definition

The four-digit year in which the dwc:Event occurred, according to the Common Era Calendar.