b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 English dataset Environmental Information Data Centre Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK info@eidc.ac.uk 2025-10-29T14:14:49.849Z UK GEMINI 2.3 OSGB 1936 / British National Grid Daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil data (2013-2019) [COSMOS-UK] 2021-02-09 2021-02-08 https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/id/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 10.5285/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 doi: Stanley, S., Antoniou, V., Askquith-Ellis, A., Ball, L.A., Bennett, E.S., Blake, J.R., Boorman, D.B., Brooks, M., Clarke, M., Cooper, H.M., Cowan, N., Cumming, A., Evans, J.G., Farrand, P., Fry, M., Hitt, O.E., Lord, W.D., Morrison, R., Nash, G.V., Rylett, D., Scarlett, P.M., Swain, O.D., Szczykulska, M., Thornton, J.L., Trill, E.J., Warwick, A.C., Winterbourn, B. (2021). Daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil data (2013-2019) [COSMOS-UK]. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre 10.5285/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 This dataset contains daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil observations from COSMOS-UK (cosmic-ray soil moisture) monitoring network from October 2013 to the end of 2019. These data are from 51 sites across the UK recording a range of hydrometeorological and soil variables. Each site in the network records the following hydrometeorological and soil data at 30 minute resolution: Radiation (short wave, long wave and net), precipitation, atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity, soil heat flux, and soil temperature and volumetric water content (VWC), measured by point senors at various depths. Each site hosts a cosmic-ray sensing probe; a novel sensor technology which counts fast neutrons in the surrounding atmosphere. In combination with the recorded hydrometeorological data, neutron counts are used to derive VWC over a field scale (COSMOS VWC), at two temporal resolutions (hourly and daily). The presence of snow leads to erroneously high measurements of COSMOS VWC due to all the extra water in the surrounding area. Included in the daily data are indications of snow days, on which, the COSMOS VWC are adjusted and the snow water equivalent (SWE) is given. The potential evapotranspiration (PE), derived from recorded hydrometeorological and soil are also included at daily resolution. Two levels of quality control are carried out, firstly data is run through a series of automated checks, such as range tests and spike tests, and then all data is manually inspected each week where any other faults are picked up, including sensor faults or connection issues. Quality control flags are provided for all recorded (30 minute) data, indicating the reason for any missing data. This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UK-SCAPE programme delivering National Capability. Full details about this dataset can be found at https://doi.org/10.5285/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 An addition year of data is added annually, although timing may vary. Environmental Monitoring Facilities GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 Environmental survey Hydrology Soil absolute humidity air temperature atmospheric pressure cosmic-ray sensing probe COSMOS-UK daily meteorological observations net radiation potential evapotranspiration precipitation relative humidity soil heat flux soil moisture soil temperature sub-daily UK UK-SCAPE wind direction wind speed Incoming longwave radiation Outgoing longwave radiation soil depth 5cm soil depth 10cm soil depth 2cm soil depth 50cm soil depth 20cm no limitations This resource is available under the terms of the Open Government Licence If you reuse this data, you should cite: Stanley, S., Antoniou, V., Askquith-Ellis, A., Ball, L.A., Bennett, E.S., Blake, J.R., Boorman, D.B., Brooks, M., Clarke, M., Cooper, H.M., Cowan, N., Cumming, A., Evans, J.G., Farrand, P., Fry, M., Hitt, O.E., Lord, W.D., Morrison, R., Nash, G.V., Rylett, D., Scarlett, P.M., Swain, O.D., Szczykulska, M., Thornton, J.L., Trill, E.J., Warwick, A.C., Winterbourn, B. (2021). Daily and sub-daily hydrometeorological and soil data (2013-2019) [COSMOS-UK]. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre https://doi.org/10.5285/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 David Boorman UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Stanley, S. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Antoniou, V. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Askquith-Ellis, A. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Ball, L.A. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Bennett, E.S. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Blake, J.R. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Boorman, D.B. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Brooks, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Clarke, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Cooper, H.M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Cowan, N. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Cumming, A. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Evans, J.G. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Farrand, P. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Fry, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Hitt, O.E. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Lord, W.D. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Morrison, R. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Nash, G.V. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Rylett, D. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Scarlett, P.M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Swain, O.D. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Szczykulska, M. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Thornton, J.L. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Trill, E.J. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Warwick, A.C. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk Winterbourn, B. UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk NERC Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology enquiries@ceh.ac.uk 10 English climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere environment 2013-10-01 2019-12-31 -8.648 1.768 49.864 60.861 Comma-separated values (CSV) Zip NERC EDS Environmental Information Data Centre info@eidc.ac.uk https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185 Landing page Landing page https://data-package.ceh.ac.uk/sd/b5c190e4-e35d-40ea-8fbe-598da03a1185.zip Supporting information Supporting information available to assist in re-use of this dataset dataset Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 Hydrometeorological and soil observations are recorded at sites around the UK using an array of sensors. Every hour, the raw data collected is sent to UKCEH in Wallingford, where it is subject to quality control. Soil volumetric water content data are derived from 30 minute hydrometeorological data and data from the cosmic-ray sensing probe by Python scripts run every hour. The data are calculated using the method outlined in Evans et al. (2016, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hyp.10929). Snow water equivalent are derived by Python scripts at the end of the day from the hydrometeorological data according to Wallbank et al. (2020, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019EGUGA..2116420W/abstract). Potential evapotranspiration data are derived by Python scripts at the end of the day from the hydrometeorological data according to the Penman-Monteith method (FAO 56, http://www.fao.org/3/X0490E/x0490e00.htm). All data, that is raw, quality controlled and derived, is saved in an Oracle database. See supporting documentation for further information.