RESTORE4Cs Coastal wetlands Habitats, Activities and Pressures

This dataset was developed within the framework of the RESTORE4Cs project, which investigates the role of coastal wetland restoration in climate change mitigation and the provision of essential ecosystem services. The project aims to enhance the understanding of how different coastal wetland habitats interact with human activities and environmental pressures, informing strategies for sustainable restoration and management. The dataset was compiled from six case pilots representing diverse coastal wetland types across Europe. These case studies were selected to encompass a range of ecological conditions, management regimes, and socio-environmental dynamics, providing a robust foundation for assessing wetland conservation and restoration challenges. The dataset maps habitats and ecosystem services across these six case studies, offering a detailed spatial representation of: • Habitat types present within the selected wetlands, classified according to the standardized European Nature Information System (EUNIS), v2012, and v2021 (terrestrial)/2022 (marine); • Activities and pressures affecting these habitats, including land use, tourism, aquaculture, agriculture, infrastructure development, pollution, habitat degradation, and others. The nomenclature for activities and pressures used was based on established European environmental directives and frameworks, namely the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Directive 2008/56/EC), the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC, 1992), and the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE, EC, 2006). This dataset is a key resource for scientists, policymakers, and conservation practitioners, providing insights into the interactions between coastal wetland habitats, human activities, and environmental pressures. It supports the RESTORE4Cs project by informing evidence-based restoration strategies that enhance biodiversity, climate resilience, and sustainable land use across Europe.

IdentificationAbout this resource

Alternate Identifier: d832596e-e1bb-4615-b1cd-1e95a05d1882

Publication Date: 2025-05-26

Title: RESTORE4Cs Coastal wetlands Habitats, Activities and Pressures

Abstract: This dataset was developed within the framework of the RESTORE4Cs project, which investigates the role of coastal wetland restoration in climate change mitigation and the provision of essential ecosystem services. The project aims to enhance the understanding of how different coastal wetland habitats interact with human activities and environmental pressures, informing strategies for sustainable restoration and management. The dataset was compiled from six case pilots representing diverse coastal wetland types across Europe. These case studies were selected to encompass a range of ecological conditions, management regimes, and socio-environmental dynamics, providing a robust foundation for assessing wetland conservation and restoration challenges. The dataset maps habitats and ecosystem services across these six case studies, offering a detailed spatial representation of: • Habitat types present within the selected wetlands, classified according to the standardized European Nature Information System (EUNIS), v2012, and v2021 (terrestrial)/2022 (marine); • Activities and pressures affecting these habitats, including land use, tourism, aquaculture, agriculture, infrastructure development, pollution, habitat degradation, and others. The nomenclature for activities and pressures used was based on established European environmental directives and frameworks, namely the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Directive 2008/56/EC), the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC, 1992), and the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE, EC, 2006). This dataset is a key resource for scientists, policymakers, and conservation practitioners, providing insights into the interactions between coastal wetland habitats, human activities, and environmental pressures. It supports the RESTORE4Cs project by informing evidence-based restoration strategies that enhance biodiversity, climate resilience, and sustainable land use across Europe.

Dataset Language: English

Dataset Creator: Universidade de Aveiro - Ana Lillebø (Principal researcher)

Dataset Creator: Universidade de Aveiro - António Nogueira (Full professor)

Metadata Provider: Universidade de Aveiro - Bruna R. F. Oliveira (Researcher)

Metadata Provider: University of Salento - Martina Pulieri (Research assistant)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Tour du Valat - Anis Guelmami (Engineer)

Associated Party: Content Provider

University of Bucharest - Constantin Cazacu (Assistant professor)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Wageningen University and Research - Marinka van Puijenbroek (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Wageningen Social Economic Research - Elisa Ciravegna (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Wageningen Economic Research - Justine Raoult (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Wageningen University and Research - Volkert Beekman (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Wageningen University Research - Nico Polman (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Universidade de Aveiro - Heliana Teixeira (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

University of Valencia - Antonio Camacho (Full professor)

Associated Party: Content Provider

University of Valencia - Carlos Rochera (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

University of Valencia - Daniel Morant (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University - Marija Katarzyte (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University - Martynas Bučas (Researcher)

Associated Party: Content Provider

Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University - Diana Vaičiūtė (Researcher)

Dataset Contact: Universidade de Aveiro - Ana Lillebø (Principal researcher)

Dataset Contact: Universidade de Aveiro - António Nogueira (Full professor)

Dataset Contact: Universidade de Aveiro - Bruna R. F. Oliveira (Researcher)

Keywords (Biodiversity Thesaurus)

anthropogenic factor

Keywords (EUNIS habitats)

Coastal habitats

Keywords (Environmental Thesaurus)

wetland

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Danube Delta

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: 28.2843

East Bounding Coordinate: 29.7459

North Bounding Coordinate: 45.4723

South Bounding Coordinate: 44.8032

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Ria de Aveiro

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: -8.72507

East Bounding Coordinate: -8.59663

North Bounding Coordinate: 40.74963

South Bounding Coordinate: 40.63271

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Marjal dels moros

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: -0.27997

East Bounding Coordinate: -0.240362

North Bounding Coordinate: 39.64107

South Bounding Coordinate: 39.61579

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Curonian lagoon

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: 20.5142

East Bounding Coordinate: 21.2653

North Bounding Coordinate: 55.7186

South Bounding Coordinate: 54.8743

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Camargue

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: 4.4382

East Bounding Coordinate: 4.9275

North Bounding Coordinate: 43.674

South Bounding Coordinate: 43.3229

Geographic Coverage

Geographic Description: Dutch wetlands

Bounding Box

West Bounding Coordinate: 3.9907

East Bounding Coordinate: 4.4087

North Bounding Coordinate: 51.6811

South Bounding Coordinate: 51.2754

resourceLicensesLicense Information

Intellectual Rights: Free for use, including sharing and adaptation, by all individuals provided that the owners are acknowledged in any use or publication.

Distribution

Online

A brief description of the the content of online URL.: DOI

URL: https://doi.org/10.48372/ADX2-VJ72

Online

A brief description of the the content of online URL.: Info and download page on LifeWatch Italy Data Portal

URL: https://data.lifewatchitaly.eu/handle/123456789/129787

Online

A brief description of the the content of online URL.: Paper: Exploring variability in environmental impact risk from human activities across aquatic ecosystems.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.339

• Project

Title: RESTORE4Cs - Modelling RESTORation of wEtlands for Carbon pathways, Climate Change mitigation and adaptation, ecosystem services, and biodiversity, Co-benefits

Personnel

Individual Name

Given Name: Ana

Surname: Lillebø

Organization Name: Universidade de Aveiro

Position Name: Principal researcher

Email: lillebo@ua.pt

User ID: 0000-0002-5228-0329

Role: Principal Investigator

Personnel

Individual Name

Given Name: António

Surname: Nogueira

Organization Name: Universidade de Aveiro

Position Name: Full professor

Email: antonio.nogueira@ua.pt

User ID: 0000-0001-7089-2508

Role: Point Of Contact

Personnel

Individual Name

Given Name: Bruna R. F.

Surname: Oliveira

Organization Name: Universidade de Aveiro

Position Name: Researcher

Email: bruna.oliveira@ua.pt

User ID: 0000-0001-5877-8614

Role: Point Of Contact

Abstract

• Method

Method Step

Description: Habitats: For mapping the landscape units (Habitats), the EUNIS Habitats database http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats.jsp was used as baseline and refined by the experts of each case study. The crosswalk EUNIS 2012 - EUNIS 2021 terrestrial ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification-1/eunis-terrestrial-habitat-classification-review-2021/eunis-terrestrial-habitat-classification-2021) and crosswalk EUNIS 2012 - EUNIS 2022 marine ( https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification-1/eunis-marine-habitat-classification-review-2022/eunis-marine-habitat-classification-2022) were then used as baseline to determine the equivalent Corine Land Cover landscape units, with the case study experts improvement when ambiguity was identified.

Method Step

Description: Activities and Pressures: The case study experts identified the most representative activities and pressures present in each habitat, including land use, tourism, aquaculture, agriculture, infrastructure development, pollution, habitat degradation, and others. The nomenclature for activities and pressures used was based on established European environmental directives and frameworks, namely the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Directive 2008/56/EC), the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC, 1992), and the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE, EC, 2006).

• Data Table

Name: R4Cs_D2_Habitats.csv

Description: Habitat types present within the RESTORE4Cs case study, classified according to the standardised European Nature Information System (EUNIS), 2012 version, and 2021 version (terrestrial)/2022 (marine).

Physical

Object Name: R4Cs_D2_Habitats.csv

Size: 15051

Authentication: MD5:86a2a822d8f91ed24346d8f105f66540

Data Format

textFormat

column

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: caseStudy

Label: Case Study

Definition: The number of the case study.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Annotation

Property URI: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext

Value URI: http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20162

Attribute

Name: locality

Label: Locality

Definition: The specific description of the place.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Annotation

Property URI: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext

Value URI: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality

Attribute

Name: EUNIS2012Level1

Label: EUNIS 2012 Level 1

Definition: The EUNIS habitat, which are the broadest types of habitat in Europe.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: EUNIS2012Level2

Label: EUNIS 2012 Level 2

Definition: The EUNIS habitat based on biological zone and substrate type.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: EUNIS2012CodeLevel2

Label: EUNIS 2012 code level 2

Definition: The 2012 EUNIS Habitat Classification level 2 codes.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: EUNIS2021/2022CodeLevel2

Label: EUNIS 2021/2022 code level 2

Definition: The 2021/2022 EUNIS Habitat Classification level 2 codes.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: caseStudyTotalArea

Label: Case study total area

Definition: The total area of the case study.

Standard Unit: squareKilometers

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: ratio

Annotation

Property URI: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType

Value URI: http://marineregions.org/ns/placetypes#Area

Attribute

Name: caseStudySubdivisions

Label: Case study subdivisions

Definition: It refers to a spatial object designated for protection under national, European, or international legislation due to its environmental, cultural, or heritage value.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Annotation

Property URI: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType

Value URI: http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/featureconcept/ProtectedSite

Attribute

Name: relativeCoverage

Label: Relative coverage

Definition: The proportion of a given geographic area (e.g., a country, biome, or region) that is covered by a particular feature type, such as Natura 2000 sites or Ramsar wetlands.

Standard Unit: percent

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: ratio

Annotation

Property URI: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType

Value URI: https://vocabulary.actris.nilu.no/actris_controlled_lists/coverage

numberOfRecords: 97

• Data Table

Name: R4Cs_D2_ActivitiesAndPressures.csv

Physical

Object Name: R4Cs_D2_ActivitiesAndPressures.csv

Size: 4356635

Authentication: MD5:eb0db4e64a2356d10f785d7f4b86a54e

Character Encoding: UTF-8

Data Format

textFormat

column

;

Attribute List

Attribute

Name: caseStudy

Label: Case Study

Definition: The number of the case study.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Annotation

Property URI: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext

Value URI: http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20162

Attribute

Name: locality

Label: Locality

Definition: The specific description of the place.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Annotation

Property URI: http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext

Value URI: http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality

Attribute

Name: EUNIS2012Level2

Label: EUNIS 2012 Level 2

Definition: The EUNIS habitat based on biological zone and substrate type.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: EUNIS2021/2022CodeLevel2

Label: EUNIS 2021/2022 code level 2

Definition: The 2021/2022 EUNIS Habitat Classification level 2 codes.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: primaryActivityType

Label: Primary Activity Type

Definition: It refers to the main categories of human activities that impact ecosystems. These activities are classified to better understand and mitigate their effects on the environment.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: aggregatePrimaryActivity

Label: Aggregate Primary Activity

Definition: Aggregate primary activity refers to the combined or summarized group of human activities that, when considered together, represent a major source of impact on ecosystems. Rather than focusing on a single activity (like deforestation alone), this concept groups related primary activities to analyze their cumulative environmental effects.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: specificPrimaryActivity

Label: Specific Primary Activity

Definition: A specific primary activity refers to a distinct, identifiable human action that directly contributes to environmental change or ecosystem impact. It is the finest level of detail in categorizing anthropogenic activities, used to pinpoint exactly what is being done, where, and often by whom.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

Attribute

Name: pressureCategory

Label: Pressure Category

Definition: A pressure activity refers to a human action that exerts stress or "pressure" on the environment, leading to changes in ecosystem structure, function, or health.

Measurement Scale

Measurement Type: nominal

numberOfRecords: 23160

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