d832596e-e1bb-4615-b1cd-1e95a05d1882 Ana Lillebø Universidade de Aveiro Principal researcher lillebo@ua.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-0329 António Nogueira Universidade de Aveiro Full professor antonio.nogueira@ua.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-2508 Bruna R. F. Oliveira Universidade de Aveiro Researcher bruna.oliveira@ua.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-8614 Martina Pulieri University of Salento Research assistant martina.pulieri@unisalento.it https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9691-1989 Anis Guelmami Tour du Valat Engineer guelmami@tourduvalat.org https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-6424 Content Provider Constantin Cazacu University of Bucharest Assistant professor constantin.cazacu@g.unibuc.ro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4521-7185 Content Provider Marinka van Puijenbroek Wageningen University and Research Researcher marinka.vanpuijenbroek@wur.nl https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-6403 Content Provider Elisa Ciravegna Wageningen Social Economic Research Researcher elisa.ciravegna@wur.nl Content Provider Justine Raoult Wageningen Economic Research Researcher justine.raoult@wur.nl Content Provider Volkert Beekman Wageningen University and Research Researcher volkert.beekman@wur.nl Content Provider Nico Polman Wageningen University Research Researcher nico.polman@wur.nl Content Provider Heliana Teixeira Universidade de Aveiro Researcher heliana.teixeira@ua.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8525-9967 Content Provider Antonio Camacho University of Valencia Full professor antonio.camacho@uv.es https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-2010 Content Provider Carlos Rochera University of Valencia Researcher carlos.rochera@uv.es https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8294-4755 Content Provider Daniel Morant University of Valencia Researcher daniel.morant@uv.es https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8267-5340 Content Provider Marija Katarzyte Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University Researcher marija.Katarzyte@ku.lt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7751-3187 Content Provider Martynas Bučas Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University Researcher martynas.Bucas@ku.lt https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-5669 Content Provider Diana Vaičiūtė Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University Researcher diana.Vaiciute@ku.lt https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-5688 Content Provider 2025-05-26 English This dataset was developed within the framework of the RESTORE4Cs project, which investigates the role of coastal wetland restoration in climate change mitigation and the provision of essential ecosystem services. The project aims to enhance the understanding of how different coastal wetland habitats interact with human activities and environmental pressures, informing strategies for sustainable restoration and management. The dataset was compiled from six case pilots representing diverse coastal wetland types across Europe. These case studies were selected to encompass a range of ecological conditions, management regimes, and socio-environmental dynamics, providing a robust foundation for assessing wetland conservation and restoration challenges. The dataset maps habitats and ecosystem services across these six case studies, offering a detailed spatial representation of: • Habitat types present within the selected wetlands, classified according to the standardized European Nature Information System (EUNIS), v2012, and v2021 (terrestrial)/2022 (marine); • Activities and pressures affecting these habitats, including land use, tourism, aquaculture, agriculture, infrastructure development, pollution, habitat degradation, and others. The nomenclature for activities and pressures used was based on established European environmental directives and frameworks, namely the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Directive 2008/56/EC), the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC, 1992), and the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE, EC, 2006). This dataset is a key resource for scientists, policymakers, and conservation practitioners, providing insights into the interactions between coastal wetland habitats, human activities, and environmental pressures. It supports the RESTORE4Cs project by informing evidence-based restoration strategies that enhance biodiversity, climate resilience, and sustainable land use across Europe. anthropogenic factor Biodiversity Thesaurus Coastal habitats EUNIS habitats wetland Environmental Thesaurus Free for use, including sharing and adaptation, by all individuals provided that the owners are acknowledged in any use or publication. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ DOI https://doi.org/10.48372/ADX2-VJ72 Info and download page on LifeWatch Italy Data Portal https://data.lifewatchitaly.eu/handle/123456789/129787 Paper: Exploring variability in environmental impact risk from human activities across aquatic ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.339 Danube Delta 28.2843 29.7459 45.4723 44.8032 Ria de Aveiro -8.72507 -8.59663 40.74963 40.63271 Marjal dels moros -0.27997 -0.240362 39.64107 39.61579 Curonian lagoon 20.5142 21.2653 55.7186 54.8743 Camargue 4.4382 4.9275 43.674 43.3229 Dutch wetlands 3.9907 4.4087 51.6811 51.2754 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/21797 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/eunishabitats/B http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/BLH-LFDH1WDM-3 Ana Lillebø Universidade de Aveiro Principal researcher lillebo@ua.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5228-0329 António Nogueira Universidade de Aveiro Full professor antonio.nogueira@ua.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-2508 Bruna R. F. Oliveira Universidade de Aveiro Researcher bruna.oliveira@ua.pt https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-8614 Habitats: For mapping the landscape units (Habitats), the EUNIS Habitats database http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/habitats.jsp was used as baseline and refined by the experts of each case study. The crosswalk EUNIS 2012 - EUNIS 2021 terrestrial (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification-1/eunis-terrestrial-habitat-classification-review-2021/eunis-terrestrial-habitat-classification-2021) and crosswalk EUNIS 2012 - EUNIS 2022 marine (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/eunis-habitat-classification-1/eunis-marine-habitat-classification-review-2022/eunis-marine-habitat-classification-2022) were then used as baseline to determine the equivalent Corine Land Cover landscape units, with the case study experts improvement when ambiguity was identified. Activities and Pressures: The case study experts identified the most representative activities and pressures present in each habitat, including land use, tourism, aquaculture, agriculture, infrastructure development, pollution, habitat degradation, and others. The nomenclature for activities and pressures used was based on established European environmental directives and frameworks, namely the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD, Directive 2008/56/EC), the Water Framework Directive (WFD, Directive 2000/60/EC), the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC, 1992), and the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community (NACE, EC, 2006). Ana Lillebø Universidade de Aveiro Principal researcher lillebo@ua.pt 0000-0002-5228-0329 Principal Investigator António Nogueira Universidade de Aveiro Full professor antonio.nogueira@ua.pt 0000-0001-7089-2508 Point Of Contact Bruna R. F. Oliveira Universidade de Aveiro Researcher bruna.oliveira@ua.pt 0000-0001-5877-8614 Point Of Contact R4Cs_D2_Habitats.csv Habitat types present within the RESTORE4Cs case study, classified according to the standardised European Nature Information System (EUNIS), 2012 version, and 2021 version (terrestrial)/2022 (marine). R4Cs_D2_Habitats.csv 15051 MD5:86a2a822d8f91ed24346d8f105f66540 1 column , caseStudy Case Study The number of the case study. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20162 locality Locality The specific description of the place. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality EUNIS2012Level1 EUNIS 2012 Level 1 The EUNIS habitat, which are the broadest types of habitat in Europe. nominal EUNIS2012Level2 EUNIS 2012 Level 2 The EUNIS habitat based on biological zone and substrate type. nominal EUNIS2012CodeLevel2 EUNIS 2012 code level 2 The 2012 EUNIS Habitat Classification level 2 codes. nominal EUNIS2021/2022CodeLevel2 EUNIS 2021/2022 code level 2 The 2021/2022 EUNIS Habitat Classification level 2 codes. nominal caseStudyTotalArea Case study total area The total area of the case study. squareKilometers ratio http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://marineregions.org/ns/placetypes#Area caseStudySubdivisions Case study subdivisions It refers to a spatial object designated for protection under national, European, or international legislation due to its environmental, cultural, or heritage value. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/featureconcept/ProtectedSite relativeCoverage Relative coverage The proportion of a given geographic area (e.g., a country, biome, or region) that is covered by a particular feature type, such as Natura 2000 sites or Ramsar wetlands. percent ratio http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#containsMeasurementsOfType https://vocabulary.actris.nilu.no/actris_controlled_lists/coverage 97 R4Cs_D2_ActivitiesAndPressures.csv R4Cs_D2_ActivitiesAndPressures.csv 4356635 MD5:eb0db4e64a2356d10f785d7f4b86a54e UTF-8 1 column ; caseStudy Case Study The number of the case study. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20162 locality Locality The specific description of the place. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality EUNIS2012Level2 EUNIS 2012 Level 2 The EUNIS habitat based on biological zone and substrate type. nominal EUNIS2021/2022CodeLevel2 EUNIS 2021/2022 code level 2 The 2021/2022 EUNIS Habitat Classification level 2 codes. nominal primaryActivityType Primary Activity Type It refers to the main categories of human activities that impact ecosystems. These activities are classified to better understand and mitigate their effects on the environment. nominal aggregatePrimaryActivity Aggregate Primary Activity Aggregate primary activity refers to the combined or summarized group of human activities that, when considered together, represent a major source of impact on ecosystems. Rather than focusing on a single activity (like deforestation alone), this concept groups related primary activities to analyze their cumulative environmental effects. nominal specificPrimaryActivity Specific Primary Activity A specific primary activity refers to a distinct, identifiable human action that directly contributes to environmental change or ecosystem impact. It is the finest level of detail in categorizing anthropogenic activities, used to pinpoint exactly what is being done, where, and often by whom. nominal pressureCategory Pressure Category A pressure activity refers to a human action that exerts stress or "pressure" on the environment, leading to changes in ecosystem structure, function, or health. nominal 23160