e03c7ad1-9cc4-4650-8aeb-11a780fe6116 Anna Maria Mercuri University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Full Professor annamaria.mercuri@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-4165 Assunta Florenzano University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Associate Professor assunta.florenzano@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4759-6406 Eleonora Clò University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher eleonora.clo@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-3908 Jessica Zappa University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher jessica.zappa@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7515-8850 Giovanna Bosi University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher giovanna.bosi@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-2336 Elisa Furia University of Rome Tor Vergata PhD elisa.furia@students.uniroma2.eu Cristina Ricucci University of Modena and Reggio Emilia PhD Student cristina.ricucci@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8574 Matteo Di Lena SIDEL S.p.a. Employee matte.dile@hotmail.it Federico Camerini AD Consulting S.p.a. Employee federico.camerini@adcgroup.com Lorenzo Braga University of Modena and Reggio Emilia PhD Student lorenzo.braga@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0311-7146 Anna Maria Mercuri University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Full Professor annamaria.mercuri@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-4165 Assunta Florenzano University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Associate Professor assunta.florenzano@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4759-6406 Eleonora Clò University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher eleonora.clo@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-3908 Jessica Zappa University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher jessica.zappa@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7515-8850 Giovanna Bosi University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher giovanna.bosi@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-2336 Elisa Furia University of Rome Tor Vergata PhD elisa.furia@students.uniroma2.eu Cristina Ricucci University of Modena and Reggio Emilia PhD Student cristina.ricucci@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3601-8574 Matteo Di Lena SIDEL S.p.a. Employee matte.dile@hotmail.it Federico Camerini AD Consulting S.p.a. Employee federico.camerini@adcgroup.com Lorenzo Braga University of Modena and Reggio Emilia PhD Student lorenzo.braga@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0311-7146 Ilaria Rosati National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) Technologist ilaria.rosati@cnr.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-7230 Custodian Steward Andrea Tarallo National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET) Technologist andrea.tarallo@cnr.it https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2749-8588 Information Manager Mariantonietta La Marra University of Salento Research fellow mariantonietta.lamarra@unisalento.it https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2070-7778 Information Manager 2025-11-10 English Lago di Nemi (Latium). Dataset including pollen counts from sediment samples collected from the PNEM 94 - 1B core drilled in Lago di Nemi (Rome; 41°43'00"N 12°42'00" E; 915 cm long at 30 m water depth; chronology: last 12,000 years) within the EU-funded project PALICLAS. The dataset was created as part of the National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC, Palermo, Italy). The site is included in the BRAIN database (https://brainplants.successoterra.net/; site id: CLA64). Paleobotany AGROVOC Biodiversity Biodiversity Thesaurus Plants Pollen Environmental Thesaurus Free for use, including sharing and adaptation, by all individuals provided that the owners are acknowledged in any use or publication. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Info and download page on LifeWatch Italy Data Portal https://data.lifewatchitaly.eu/handle/123456789/326246 Lago di Nemi (Latium) 12.70 12.70 41.72 41.72 Genus Abies Species Acer campestre Species Aconitum napellus Species Adonis aestivalis Genus Alchemilla Genus Alisma Genus Allium Genus Alnus Family Amaranthaceae Genus Ambrosia Genus Anagallis Genus Anthemis Family Apiaceae Genus Aquilegia Genus Arabis Species Arbutus unedo Family Arecaceae Genus Artemisia Genus Arum Genus Asparagus Family Asphodelaceae Genus Aster Family Asteraceae Species Astragalus danicus Genus Avena Genus Betula Family Boraginaceae Family Brassicaceae Species Buglossoides arvensis Species Butomus umbellatus Genus Buxus Genus Callitriche Species Calluna vulgaris Genus Caltha Species Calystegia sepium Genus Campanula Genus Cannabis Species Cannabis sativa Genus Capparis Species Capsella bursa-pastoris Genus Carduus Species Carpinus betulus Family Caryophyllaceae Species Castanea sativa Genus Cedrus Species Celtis australis Species Centaurea cyanus Species Centaurea nigra Genus Cerastium Genus Cercis Genus Cicendia Family Cichorieae Genus Cirsium Species Cistus incanus Species Clematis vitalba Species Consolida ambigua Genus Convallaria Species Convolvulus arvensis Species Cornus mas Species Cornus sanguinea Genus Corydalis Species Corylus avellana Genus Crataegus Species Cuscuta europaea Species Cyclamen hederifolium Family Cyperaceae Genus Cytinus Genus Cytisus Genus Daphne Species Digitalis purpurea Species Dioscorea communis Genus Dorycnium Species Echium vulgare Species Ephedra distachya Species Ephedra fragilis Genus Erica Family Ericaceae Species Euonymus europaeus Genus Euphorbia Genus Euphrasia Family Fabaceae Species Fagus sylvatica Genus Ficus Genus Filipendula Species Frangula alnus Genus Fraxinus Species Fraxinus excelsior Species Fraxinus ornus Genus Galium Genus Genista Genus Geranium Species Hedera helix Species Hedysarum coronarium Genus Helianthemum Genus Helleborus Species Herniaria glabra Species Hippophae fluviatilis Genus Hordeum Genus Hornungia Species Hottonia palustris Species Humulus lupulus Species Hydrocharis morsus-ranae Species Hypericum perforatum Species Ilex aquifolium Species Jasminum fruticans Species Juglans regia Genus Juniperus Genus Knautia Genus Lamium Genus Lemna Genus Ligustrum Family Liliaceae Family Linaceae Genus Linaria Genus Linum Genus Lotus Genus Lupinus Species Lychnis viscaria Species Malva sylvestris Genus Medicago Genus Mentha Species Menyanthes trifoliata Genus Mercurialis Genus Mesembryanthemum Species Morus alba Species Myriophyllum spicatum Genus Narcissus Genus Nuphar Species Nymphaea alba Genus Odontites Species Olea europaea Family Oleaceae Genus Onobrychis Genus Ononis Genus Orobanche Species Ostrya carpinifolia Genus Oxalis Species Papaver argemone Species Papaver rhoeas Species Paronychia kapela Species Pastinaca sativa Species Pedicularis palustris Species Persicaria maculosa Species Phillyrea angustifolia Genus Phlomis Genus Picea Species Pimpinella anisum Genus Pinus Genus Pistacia Genus Plantago Species Plantago lanceolata Genus Platanus Family Poaceae Genus Polygala Species Polygonum aviculare Genus Populus Genus Potamogeton Genus Potentilla Genus Primula Species Primula integrifolia Species Primula veris Genus Prunus Genus Pyrus Genus Quercus Species Quercus ilex Species Quercus suber Family Ranunculaceae Genus Ranunculus Species Ranunculus acris Species Reseda luteola Genus Rhamnus Genus Rheum Genus Rhinanthus Genus Ribes Genus Rosa Family Rosaceae Genus Rubus Genus Rumex Genus Sagittaria Genus Salix Genus Sambucus Species Samolus valerandi Species Sanguisorba minor Genus Saxifraga Species Saxifraga stellaris Species Scleranthus annuus Genus Scrophularia Family Scrophulariaceae Species Secale cereale Genus Sedum Genus Serratula Genus Sideritis Genus Sinapis Genus Smilax Species Solanum nigrum Genus Sorbus Species Sparganium emersum Species Sparganium erectum Genus Spergularia Species Stachys sylvatica Species Stratiotes aloides Species Symphytum officinale Genus Tamarix Species Taxus baccata Species Thalictrum flavum Genus Tilia Genus Trifolium Species Trollius europaeus Species Typha angustifolia Species Typha latifolia Genus Ulex Genus Ulmus Species Urtica dioica Species Urtica membranacea Species Urtica pilulifera Genus Vaccinium Species Valeriana officinalis Species Veratrum album Genus Veronica Species Viburnum opulus Genus Vicia Species Vicia cracca Species Vicia faba Species Viola arvensis Species Vitis vinifera Species Zea mays http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://data.loterre.fr/ark:/67375/BLH-FHNG3BCR-H http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20676 http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5d0f858e http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#keyword http://vocabs.lter-europe.net/EnvThes/20578 Anna Maria Mercuri University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Full Professor annamaria.mercuri@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6138-4165 Assunta Florenzano University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Associate Professor assunta.florenzano@unimore.it https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4759-6406 In the field of botany applied to archaeological and palaeoecological studies, the multi- and inter-disciplinary nature of this research produces a lack of data sharing and scattered articles in the specialty literature or in national and international journals. The vast production of archaeobotany and palynology data makes it necessary to develop a tool for the availability, accessibility, and dissemination of existing research. Many databases exist on palaeoecology, archaeobotany or pollen data. There are no collections focused on archaeological sites and human-induced environments and centred on Southern Europe and the Mediterranean. BRAIN - Botanical Records of Archaeobotany Italian Network is the first database listing sites from which all types of plant records are available in Italy and nearby Mediterranean regions. BRAIN represents the largest integrated collection of archaeo/palaeo-botanical data and a range of descriptive information that makes data recovery FAIR ready. This unique network hosts data on the availability of anthropogenic pollen, palynomorphs and plant macroremains in the same database, and experts of different research fields may contribute to it. See full methodological details at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03346-5 The dataset published here is a list of taxa obtained by converting the fossil pollen list into a plant taxa list with the purpose of making more readily available such information for biodiversity studies. The dataset has been further enriched by including the complete taxonomic classification down to the lowest possible taxonomic level, additional metadata to enrich the geographical context, and the time period estimated for each specimen. Anna Maria Mercuri University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Full Professor annamaria.mercuri@unimore.it 0000-0001-6138-4165 Principal Investigator Assunta Florenzano University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Associate Professor assunta.florenzano@unimore.it 0000-0003-4759-6406 Principal Investigator Eleonora Clò University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher eleonora.clo@unimore.it 0000-0002-1831-3908 Custodian Steward Jessica Zappa University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher jessica.zappa@unimore.it 0009-0009-7515-8850 Custodian Steward Giovanna Bosi University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Researcher giovanna.bosi@unimore.it 0000-0003-2273-2336 Custodian Steward Elisa Furia University of Rome Tor Vergata PhD elisa.furia@students.uniroma2.eu Custodian Steward Cristina Ricucci University of Modena and Reggio Emilia PhD Student cristina.ricucci@unimore.it 0000-0002-3601-8574 Custodian Steward Matteo Di Lena SIDEL S.p.a. Employee matte.dile@hotmail.it Custodian Steward Federico Camerini AD Consulting S.p.a. Employee federico.camerini@adcgroup.com Custodian Steward Lorenzo Braga University of Modena and Reggio Emilia PhD Student lorenzo.braga@unimore.it 0000-0002-0311-7146 Custodian Steward BRAIN_CLA64.csv BRAIN_CLA64.csv 60765 MD5:8806ce9ba19695c78638fd96ee10ce00 1 column ; catalogNumber Catalog Number An identifier (preferably unique) for the record within the data set or collection. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/catalogNumber decimalLatitude Decimal Latitude The geographic latitude of the geographic center of a Location (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system WGS84). Positive values are north of the Equator, negative values are south of it. Legal values lie between -90 and 90, inclusive. degree ratio http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLatitude decimalLongitude Decimal Longitude The geographic longitude of the geographic center of a Location (in decimal degrees, using the spatial reference system WGS84). Positive values are east of the Prime Meridian, and negative values are west of it. Legal values lie between -180 and 180, inclusive. degree ratio http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/decimalLongitude verbatimLocality Verbatim Locality The original textual description of the place. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimLocality locality Locality The specific description of the place. This term may contain information modified from the original to correct perceived errors or standardize the description. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/locality stateProvince stateProvince The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the location occurs. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/stateProvince county County The full, unabbreviated name of the next smaller administrative region than stateProvince (county, shire, department, etc.) in which the location occurs. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/county eventID Event ID An identifier for the set of information associated with an Event (something that occurs at a place and time). May be a global unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasCode http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/parentEventID eventDate Event Date The date-time or interval during which an Event occurred. For occurrences, this is the date-time when the event was recorded. dateTime MM/YYYY http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventDate eventRemarks Event Remarks Comments or notes about the event. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/eventRemarks verbatimIdentification Verbatim Identification A string representing the taxonomic identification as it appeared in the original record. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/verbatimIdentification scientificName Scientific Name The scientificname, with authorship and date information if known, as it originally appeared before of the taxonomic check. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName scientificNameAuthorship Scientific Name Authorship The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificNameAuthorship acceptedNameUsage Accepted Name Usage The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsage acceptedNameUsageID Accepted Name Usage ID An identifier for the name usage (documented meaning of the name according to a source) of the currently valid (zoological) or accepted (botanical) taxon. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasCode http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/acceptedNameUsageID kingdom Kingdom The full scientific name of the kingdom in which the taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/kingdom phylum Phylum The full scientific name of the phylum or division in which the taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/phylum class Class The full scientific name of the class in which the taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/class order Order The full scientific name of the order in which the taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/order family Family The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/family genus Genus The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/genus identificationRemarks Identification Remarks Comments or notes about the Identification. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/identificationRemarks FossilSpecimen Fossil Specimen A preserved specimen that is a fossil. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/FossilSpecimen taxonRemarks Taxon Remarks Comments or notes about the taxon or name. nominal http://ecoinformatics.org/oboe/oboe.1.2/oboe-core.owl#hasContext http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/taxonRemarks 226