edf6017e-dc2f-4eec-8248-5a6c5de381b6 1.0 Workflow on ARMS-MBON Genomics Observatory data of hard-bottom communities - v2 2023-03-18 Background<div>Monitoring hard-bottom marine biodiversity can be challenging as it often involves non-standardised sampling methods that limit scalability and inter-comparison across different monitoring approaches. Therefore, it is essential to implement standardised techniques when assessing the status of and changes in marine communities, in order to give the correct information to support management policy and decisions, and to ensure the most appropriate level of protection for the biodiversity in each ecosystem. Biomonitoring methods need to comply with a number of criteria including the implementation of broadly accepted standards and protocols and the collection of FAIR data (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable).</div><div><br></div><div>Introduction<div>Artificial substrates represent a promising tool for monitoring community assemblages of hard-bottom habitats with a standardised methodology. The European ARMS project is a long-term observatory network in which about 20 institutions distributed across 14 European countries, including Greenland and Antarctica, collaborate. The network consists of Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) which are deployed in the proximity of marine stations and Long-term Ecological Research sites. ARMS units are passive monitoring systems made of stacked settlement plates that are placed on the sea floor. The three-dimensional structure of the settlement units mimics the complexity of marine substrates and attracts sessile and motile benthic organisms. After a certain period of time these structures are brought up, and visual, photographic, and genetic (DNA metabarcoding) assessments are made of the lifeforms that have colonised them. These data are used to systematically assess the status of, and changes in, the hard-bottom communities of near-coast ecosystems.</div><div><br></div><div>Aims</div><div>ARMS data are quality controlled and open access, and they are permanently stored (Marine Data Archive) along with their metadata (IMIS, catalogue of VLIZ) ensuring data fairness. Data from ARMS observatories provide a promising early-warning system for marine biological invasions by: i) identifying newly arrived Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) at each ARMS site; ii) tracking the migration of already known NIS in European continental waters; iii) monitoring the composition of hard-bottom communities over longer periods; and iv) identifying the Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) for hard-bottom fauna, including NIS. The ARMS validation case was conceived to achieve these objectives: a data-analysis workflow was developed to process raw genetic data from ARMS; end-users can select ARMS samples from the ever-growing number available in collection; and raw DNA sequences are analysed using a bioinformatic pipeline (P.E.M.A.) embedded in the workflow for taxonomic identification. In the data-analysis workflow, the correct identification of taxa in each specific location is made with reference to WoRMS and WRiMS, webservices that are used to check respectively the identity of the organisms and whether they are introduced.</div><div><br></div><div>PEMA Citation:</div><div>Zafeiropoulos, H., Viet, H.Q., Vasileiadou, K., Potirakis, A., Arvanitidis, C., Topalis, P., Pavloudi, C. and Pafilis, E., 2020. PEMA: a flexible Pipeline for Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Analysis of the 16S/18S ribosomal RNA, ITS, and COI marker genes. GigaScience, 9(3), p.giaa022. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa022</div><div><br></div><div>Licenses:</div><div>PEMA: GNU GPLv3 license</div><div>BDS: Apache License 2</div><div>Trimmomatic, PANDAseq, PaPaRa, VSEARCH, CREST, Fastqc, RAxML-ng, Crop, EPA-ng: GNU GPLv3</div><div>Phyloseq, vegan, Swarm v2: AGPLv3</div><div>Blastn (NCBI BLAST): Public Domain Notice</div><div>Spades, RDPTools: GNU GPLv2</div><div>OBITools: cecill</div><div>Mafft: BSD license</div><div>Cutadapt: MIT License</div><div> NOTE: this is the version 2 of the original workflow available at: <a href="https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/c0dbc68f-cb78-4f07-9cac-95660e718fa2" target="_blank">https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/c0dbc68f-cb78-4f07-9cac-95660e718fa2</a>.</div></div> Katrina Exter VLIZ katrina.exter@vliz.be Antonio José SÁENZ-ALBANÉS LifeWatch ERIC ICT Core aj.saenz@lifewatch.eu Lucia Vaira LifeWatch ERIC Service Centre lucia.vaira@lifewatch.eu Christina Pavloudi Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research cpavloud@hcmr.gr LifeWatch ERIC ICT Core LifeWatch ERIC ICT Core cto@lifewatch.eu https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/api/records/edf6017e-dc2f-4eec-8248-5a6c5de381b6/attachments/ARMS_v2.png ARMS_v2.png ARMS IJI GPLv3 PEMA Sequences Retriever This service aims to download the sequences files (fasq files) in order to run PEMA. https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/4d149fe6-5317-41c8-adde-f72e59d5511b PEMA Runner This service aims at running PEMA on all the sequences from the samples selected in Step 4. It represents the Step 5.2 https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/dec7b713-9757-4941-8632-a9ed73a2c4a1 ARMS OTU Unify This service aims at creating an OTU table with species information that can be processed by WoRMS and WRIMS. https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/a4ff4000-dcb2-41a7-9c61-7bff4ae20507 ARMS WoRMS Taxonomic Checker This service takes the OTU tables from the previous step (running the omics pipeline) and check it using the WoRMS taxon match webservice. https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/e9cb479f-9a36-4504-8d59-dd28520cec70 ARMS WRIMS Invasive Checker This service takes the output from the previous step and uses the WRIMS taxon match webservice to check the known distribution of the species. https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/8df70810-490d-4dfd-964f-b73f28e34ba5 PEMA Converter This service aims to reformat and produce final output in various formats for human and machine2machine reading. https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/b2424f84-1eba-4cb6-9798-f4275fd24a97 Metamds Observations This service aims at running the conventional analysis for the ARMS workflow. https://metadatacatalogue.lifewatch.eu/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/7d1c859a-970d-427f-8b12-f4c7f3b1fb25 https://helpdesk.lifewatch.eu/ https://training.lifewatch.eu/resources/?resource=/course/view.php?id=38 https://www.lifewatch.eu/internal-joint-initiative/validation-cases/long-term-monitoring-of-invasive-marine-species/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Info page https://my.lifewatch.eu/workflow/create-workflow-from-template/arms-metabarcoding WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Run the workflow