f937ebfe-c1f0-45fb-b0c1-ef62705e7168 TREAM River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Peter Haase Head of the Subdepartment peter.haase@senckenberg.de https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-0438 Smithsonian Institute Ellen Welti Research Ecologist mischiefmao@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6944-3422 SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Chiara Bortoluzzi Data Manager chiara.bortoluzzi@sib.swiss https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-6635 2023-12-13 English Freshwater macroinvertebrates are a diverse group that play many key ecological roles, including accelerating nutrient cycling, filtering water, controlling aquatic primary producers, and providing food for predators. Since they rapidly respond to environmental changes, macroinvertebrate community composition is a commonly used indicator of water quality. In Europe, efforts to improve water quality following environmental legislation, primarily starting in the 1980s, may have driven a recovery of macroinvertebrate communities. Towards understanding temporal changes of these organisms, we compiled the TREAM database (Time seRies of European freshwAter Macroinvertebrates). The TREAM database consists of whole macroinvertebrate community time series from 1,816 river and stream sites (mean length of 19.2 years with 14.9 sampling years) of 22 European countries sampled between 1968 and 2020. In total, the data include 93 million sampled individuals of 2,648 taxa from 959 genera and 212 families. These data can be used to ask a wide range of questions from identifying drivers of the population dynamics of specific taxa to assessing the success of legislative and management restoration efforts. Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Europe Time series Long-term Ecology Monitoring Water quality Water Framework Directive NA This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ TREAM: Time series of freshwater macroinvertebrate abundances and site characteristics of European streams and rivers https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/view/doi:10.5063/F1NG4P4R Data were collected at 1,816 locations within 22 European countries -11.601563 34.804688 68.656555 33.431441 1968-01-01 2020-12-31 Kingdom Animalia Smithsonian Institute Ellen Welti Research Ecologist mischiefmao@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6944-3422 Smithsonian Institute Ellen Welti Research Ecologist River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Peter Haase Head of the Subdepartment TREAM_siteYearLevel.csv CSV country Country Country in which site is located study_id Study ID Code for unique study in which sites are nested nominal site_id Site ID Code to identify each unique sampling site nominal year Year Year including years with no sampling between first and last year of sampling at each site dateTime code Code Site ID and year nominal season Season Season of sampling ordinal sample_id Sample ID Site ID and data of sample in DD/MM/YYY dateTime site_id_wMissing Site ID missing Site ID with NA for years with no sampling nominal day Day Day of sampling dateTime month Month Month of sampling dateTime year_wMissing Year missing Year with NAs for years with no sampling nominal Date Date Sampling data dateTime day_of_year Day of year Numerical day of year ratio code_wMissing Code missing Site ID and year with NAs for years with no sampling nominal country_wMissing Country missing Country in which site is located with NAs for years with no sampling nominal sampling_method_long Sampling method Sampling method nominal unit Unit Sampling unit nominal TaxonomicRes Taxonomic resolution Primary taxonomic resolution of samples, categorical as Family, genus, or species level ordinal spp_richness Species richness Number of taxa ratio spp_rich_rare Species richness rarefaction Rarefied species richness based on individual-based rarefaction (Sn) ratio shannonsH Shannon's diversity index Shannon's diversity index (H) ratio E10 E10 Shannon's evenness ratio abundance Abundance Sum of individuals ratio turnover Turnover Temporal turnover (proportion species gained and lost from codyn R package) ratio F_to Functional temporal turnover Functional temporal turnover (proportion species gained and lost from codyn R package, using functional community weighted means as the "species") ratio FRic Functional richness Functional richness (unscaled) ratio FEve Functional evenness Functional evenness ratio FDiv Functional divergence Functional divergence ratio FDis Functional distinctiveness Functional distinctiveness ratio RaoQ Rao's Quadratic Index Rao's quadratic index (unscaled) ratio FRed Functional redundancy Functional redundancy ratio alien_SppRich Alien species richness Number of non-native taxa ratio alien_Abund Alien abundance Sum of individuals of non-native taxa ratio abundProportion_alienSpp Abundance alien species Abundance of non-native species divided by total abundance; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio SppRichProportion_alienSpp Species richness proportion alien species Number of non-native species divided by total abundance; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio abund_nativeSpp Abundance native species Abundance of native species; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio SppRich_nativeSpp Species richeness native species Number of native species; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio EPT_SppRich EPT species richness Number of EPT taxa ratio EPT_Abund EPT abundance Sum of individuals of EPT taxa ratio insect_SppRich Insect species richness Number of insect taxa ratio insect_Abund Insect abundance Sum of individuals of insect taxa ratio ppt_mm_12moPrior Precipitation Precipitation (mm) across the sampling duration, year was considered as the 12 month periods preceding the average month of sampling (e.g., for a site with most sampling occurring in May, year was defined as the proceeding May until April) ratio tmax_C_12moPrior Maximum temperature Maximum temperature (°C) across the sampling duration, year was considered as the 12 month periods preceding the average month of sampling (e.g., for a site with most sampling occurring in May, year was defined as the proceeding May until April) ratio crop_perc_upstr Percent upstream area Percent upstream area of landcover classified as crop (sum of cat10, cat20, cat30 from original data source) ratio urban_perc_upstr Percent upstream area Percent upstream area of landcover classified as urban (cat190 from original data source) ratio TREAM_siteLevel.csv CSV site_id Site ID Code to identify each unique sampling site nominal study_id Study ID Code for unique study in which sites are nested, where study is defined a unique project where samples within have a standardised sampling method and taxonomic resolution nominal project_number Project number Code for unique project id which studies and sites are nested nominal Site_name Site name Site name in original source of data nominal Country Country Country in which site is located nominal River River River in which site is located nominal Data_owner Data owner Name of main data contact for the given site nominal Longitude_X Longitude Longitude in decimal degrees ratio Latitude_Y Latitude Latitude in decimal degrees ratio sampling_method_long Sampling method Sampling method description nominal unit Unit Sampling unit nominal Starting_year Starting year First year in which samples were collected dateTime Ending_year Ending year Last year in which data were collected dateTime Year_count Year count Duration of sampling years (last year-first year + 1) ratio Sampling_years Sampling years Number of years with sampling ratio Min_month Minimum month First month of the year in which sampling occurred across all sampling years ratio Max_month Maximum month Last month of the year in which sampling occurred across all sampling years ratio season Season Season in which sampling occurred nominal TaxonomicRes Taxonomic resolution Primary taxonomic resolution of samples, categorical as Family, genus, or species level nominal abund_alienSpp Abundance alien species Abundance of non-native species; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio SppRich_alienSpp Alien species richess Number of non-native species; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio abundProportion_alienSpp Abundance proportion alien species Abundance of non-native species divided by total abundance; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio SppRichProportion_alienSpp Alien richness proportion Number of non-native species divided by total abundance; NA for sites with family-level taxonomic resolution and likely underestimates non-natives in sites IDed to genus level ratio Max of spp_richness_perYr Maximum species richness Number of species in the year with the most species ratio Min of spp_richness_perYr Minimum species richness Number of species in the year with the least species ratio total_sppRich_AllYrs Total species richness Number of species sampled at the site across all years ratio total_abund_AllYrs Total abundance Number of individuals sampled at the site across all years ratio ppt_Est Precipitation Slope of precipitation (mm) over time ratio tmax_Est Maximum temperature Slope of maximum temperature (°C) over time ratio ppt_mm_12moPrior Annual precipitation Mean of annual precipitation (mm) across the sampling duration, year was considered as the 12 month periods preceding the average month of sampling (e.g., for a site with most sampling occurring in May, year was defined as the proceeding May until April) ratio tmax_C_12moPrior Annual maximum temperature Mean of annual mean maximum temperature (°C) across the sampling duration, year was considered as the 12 month periods preceding the average month of sampling (e.g., for a site with most sampling occurring in May, year was defined as the proceeding May until April) ratio crop_meanPerc_upstr Percent upstream area of landcover Percent upstream area of landcover classified as crop, sum of cat10, cat20, cat30 ratio urban_meanPerc_upstr Percent upstream area of landcover Percent upstream area of landcover classified as urban, cat190 ratio dam_impact_score_lessthan100km Dam impact Sum of number of upstream connected dams weighted by distance from sampling site (sum of (100-each dam's distance from site in km)/100) only for dams within 100km of site by river network distance ratio MacrobasinID Macrobasin ID ID number of macrobasin site is located within nominal MicrobasinID Microbasin ID ID number of microbasin site is located within nominal microbasin_area_km2 Microbasin area Area of microbasin site is located within (km^2) ratio strahler_streamOrder Strahler stream order Strahler stream order ratio accumulation_atPoint Flow accumulation Flow accumulation at site location from upstream contribution area (km^2) ratio elevation_atPoint Elevation Elevation at site location (m) ratio slope_mean Slope mean Mean slope (downstream elevation difference divided by distance) within microbasin site is located (%) ratio TREAM_allTaxa.csv CSV site_id Site ID Code to identify each unique sampling site nominal day Day Day of the month of sampling dateTime month Month Month of sampling dateTime year Year Year of sampling dateTime country Country Country in where sampling occurred nominal taxon_id Taxon ID Unique taxon id following format of freshwaterecology.info nominal Group Group Order or higher taxonomic group nominal Family Family Family of taxon nominal Genus/group Genus or group Genus of taxon when available, if not then a higher-level taxonomic group nominal species Species Species of taxon when available nominal abundance Abundance Abundance of taxon for sampling units of a given sample (see TREAM_siteLevel.csv for information on sampling methods and effort) ratio